Arun Kumar

Current study was undertaken to improve solubility and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug, Olmesartan. A mixed hydrotropic method was used to prepare the hydrotropes of Olmesartan. On the basis of screening Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Acetate and Tri Sodium Citrate hydrotropes were selected to prepare various hydrotropic solid dispersions of Olmesartan using selected hydrotropic agent in different ratio with the drug. The prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for solubility analysis, Drug Content Estimation, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and In-vitro Dissolution Study of hydrotropes. From the study the results revealed that solubility was increased by using certain ratio (1:1:1:0.5) of drug with hydrotropic agents alone as well as in the combination. In the present study an attempt was made to prepare hydrotropes of a poorly water soluble drug Olmesartan to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of drug. The screening of different hydrotropic agents was performed to evaluate the best suited agent for drug hydrotrophs. On the basis of solubility analysis, the Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Acetate and Tri Sodium Citrate agents   have the ability to enhance the solubility of the drug more than 3 times of its original solubility. The method is economical and simple, to enhance the solubility of Olmesartan.

Dyspepsia is a common disease and it is common in the community.  The  aim of this review is to know the information regarding dyspepsia, and to assess the frequency of various causes of dyspepsia. Dyspepsia is the commonest gastrointestinal problem affecting at least 25% of the population during a year. Its prevalence varies in different countries, depending upon the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, obesity, drug - alcohol - tobacco intake and spices in diet. Dyspepsia is common in different surveys in western societies have recorded prevalence between 23 and 41%. For many people dyspeptic symptoms are an unavoidable part of living. A minority of those sufferers who do consult can become major consumers of resource. About 4% of general practice consultations are for dyspepsia and 2% of the entire adult population receive either an endoscopy or barium meal each year. Time lost from work and interference with quality of  life are more difficult to measure but are likely to be considerable.

The simple, accurate, precise, sensitive, specific and cost- effective UV-VIS Spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of acyclovir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form, used as an antiviral drug. The absorption maxima of the drug were found to be 252.6nm. in 0.1N H2SO4solvent. The method was validated as per the ICH Guidelines. A linear response was observed in the range of 2-10µg/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.999. The developed method was precise; the % RSD was found to be less than 2%. The LOD & LOQ were found to be 2.3 and 7.0µg/ml respectively. The standard drug was subjected to acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal & photolytic stress degradation conditions. The samples so generated were used for degradation studies using the stability indicating UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method. This method was used for the determination of Acyclovir in tablet and cream formulation without interferences of the excipients, this indicated specificity of method.

Cyclophosphamide is well known anticancer drug used for the treatment of several types of cancers. In combination with other drugs cyclophosphamide is prescribed to treat breast cancer, leukemia and ovarian cancer. But cyclophosphamide reduces the production of blood cells from the bone marrow. In the present investigation to combat the toxicity of cyclophosphamide, aqueous extract of immunomodulator plant like Ashwagandha was studied against toxicity of cyclophosphamide. After administration of cyclophosphamide @ 250 mg/kg b.w. (tablet) orally by gastric intubation method to rats, marked reduction in total count of WBC, ALC and Platelets were observed and slightly reduction in RBC was observed on day 4th. When Ashwagandha (300mg/kg b.w.) administered five days prior to cyclophosphamide administration and continued for ten days then significant increase in total count of WBC, ALC and Platelets were observed after treatment but there is no significant statistical difference in the RBC count was seen in all groups during the period of the study. Thus findings of present investigation showed that therapeutic potency of Ashwagandha ameliorate the toxicity produced during cancer chemotherapy by mitigating the bone marrow depression.

A new series of novel derivatives of pyrazole were synthesized. These derivatives were identified on the basis of melting point range, Rf values, IR and 1H NMR spectral analysis. The derivatives were screened for antibacterial activity. All derivatives exhibited significant to moderate antibacterial activity.

Exposure to pesticides both occupationally and environmentally causes a range of human health problems. A vast majority of the population in India are engaged in agriculture and are therefore exposed to the pesticides used in agriculture. Endosulfan formulations are used in commercial agriculture and home gardening. Endosulfan causes degeneration of spermatozoa of mice as well as declined testosterone level. Endosulfan exposure lead to ovarian nuclear degeneration. It also causes altered liver function and hepatomegaly. Thus present study is designed to evaluate nephrotoxic effect of on biochemical and histological parameters of kidney of mice. The ‘treatment’ groups received Endosulfan 2 mg/kg b.w daily by gavage method for four and eight weeks. Animals were sacrificed after the scheduled treatment. Urea, uric acid and creatinine was increased many folds in endosulfan administered group of guinea pig. Degeneration was observed in glomerulus and bowmen’s capsule. Tubular system of nephron show more degenerative changes. It is evident from study that endosulfan exposure causes elevated biochemical parameters of kidney and degenerative changes in tubular system of nephrons of guinea pig leading impaired nephrotoxicity in kidney. Key words: Nephron, Hepatomegly, Glomerulus, Bowmen’s Capsule

Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites have been used since last few centuries as remedies to treat diseases and disorders. As per WHO report (1993), 80% of world population continues to depend on medicine isolated from medicinal plants. Presently there is an increasing interest in herbal medicine related to isolation, characterization and pharmacological screening of extracts obtained from medicinal plants. The ethanolic extract of Leucas indica var. martinicensis was studied for preliminary phytochemical screening and anthelmintic activity at various concentrations (i.e., 10mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml) by using adult Indian earth worm, pheretima posthuma from in nalgonda region. Phytochemical Screening revealed the presence of Alkaloids, carbohydrates, and saponins. The mean paralysis time and mean death time for each sample was calculated and compared with the Albendazole which is taken as standard. The result was found that Leucas indica var. martinicensis had an anthelmintic activity which was greater than standard Albendazole.

Recently fast dissolving drug delivery system gaining popularity and acceptance in novel drug delivery system. It has shown more patient compliance because of easy administration, easy to swallow, economical and palatable taste. Paediatrics, geriatrics, motion sickness, mentally disable and bedridden patients are more benefited by such kind of delivery system it also enhances the bioavailability of drug. The aim of this article is to review the progress in methods of manufacturing, evaluation and various latest technologies involved in the development of Fast dissolving tablets which will be helpful to young researchers. Fast dissolving tablets are prepared by the addition of various super disintegrates with drug and various additives. As the conventional tablet needed water for swallowing but fast dissolving tablets are immediately dissolves in mouth with help of saliva within few seconds without need of water, so patient can take anywhere at any time this is one of the best advantage of this type of delivery system. Rather than this that kind of tablets are easy to manufacture and evaluate with offering uniform dosing.

  An isocratic reverse phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and subsequently validated for the determination of Dasatinib in Bulk and its pharmaceutical formulation. Separation was achieved with a Cosmicsil BDS C18 ((Make: Nomura chemicals (Japan); 150 x 4.6mm I.D; particle size 5 μm)) Column and Triethlyamine buffer (pH adjusted to 6.5 ± 0.05 with diluted orthophosphoric acid): Maethanol and Acetonitrile (50:50) v/v as eluent at flow rate 1.0 mL/min and the Column temperature was 35°C. UV detection was performed at 315 nm and sample temperature was maintained at 5°C. The method is simple, rapid, and selective. The described method of Dasatinib is linear over a range of 3.821 μg/mL to 57.314 μg/mL. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0% RSD. The percentage recoveries of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from dosage forms ranged from 98.5 to 99.8 %. The method enables accurate, precise, and rapid analysis of Dasatinib. It can be conveniently adopted for routine quality control analysis of Bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.