Anjali M. Wankhade

The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of herbal formulation in rats with isoproterenol-hydrochloride (ISPH) induced myocardial infraction. Adult male Wistar Albino rats were pre-treated with herbal formulation daily for a period of 4 weeks. After the treatment period, ISPH (85 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the rats at 24 h intervals for 2 days. ISPH induced myocardial damage indicated by cardiac marker enzyme activities including creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, SGOT, angiotensin converting enzyme. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in hearts after ISPH-induced myocardial infraction. However, pre-treatment of ischemic rats with herbal formulation brought the biochemical parameters to near normalcy, indicating the protective effect of herbal formulation against ISPH-induced ischemia in rats.

Cardiovascular disease is considered the major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Also myocardial infraction is the main health problem. In 2015, about 15.9 million myocardial infraction occurred throughout the world. In the United States about one million people have an MI each year. Modifiable risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, depression, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, life style and excessive alcohol intake. Family history is also responsible for cardiovascular disease. Reperfusion injury include coronary thrombus formation followed by thrombolytic therapy.  By the physical examination with electrocardiogram findings and cardiac markers MI is diagnosed. Therapeutic intervention such as pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic and combination therapy improves the clinical outcomes in MI patient. This review focus on the risk factors, pathophysiology in relation to produce myocardial injury and on the cardioprotective treatment.