Phytochemical Evaluation and Dermatological Safety Assessment of Nardostachys jatamansi Root and Curcuma caesia Rhizome Extracts

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial potential of extracts derived from Curcuma caesia rhizomes and Nardostachys jatamansi roots. A total of 250 g of Curcuma caesia and 80 g of Nardostachys jatamansi were subjected to solvent extraction. The yields of Curcuma caesia extracts were 2.22% in petroleum ether and 7.15% in ethanol. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extracts confirmed the presence of several bioactive constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, glycosides, and proteins. The total phenolic content was measured at 171 mg/g for Curcuma caesia and 393 mg/g for Nardostachys jatamansi, expressed in gallic acid equivalents. Similarly, the total flavonoid content was 175 mg/g and 410 mg/g, respectively, in terms of rutin equivalents. A polyherbal gel was formulated using these extracts, with the G3 combination formulation showing superior performance in antimicrobial activity tests, as evidenced by a larger zone of inhibition. Furthermore, dermal safety assessment revealed no skin irritation, indicating its suitability for topical application. Overall, the findings support the potential of this herbal gel as a safe and effective natural antimicrobial agent.