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📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

December 2019 Issue 6

Volume 9, Issue 6 - $2019

Volume 9 Issue 6 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 9 Issue 6
Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: December 2019 Issue 6

Welcome to the 2019 issue of American Journal of PharmTech Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Hemangi J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of PharmTech Research

Articles in This Issue

Showing 25 of 25 articles
Research PaperID: AJPTR96001

Solid Lipid Nanopaticles As Novel Drug Delivery

Varsha Dute¹, Prasad Kharche

Solid lipid nanoparticles were developed in early 1990. A new type of colloidal drug carrier for intravenous administration. Aqueous dispersion of solid lipid or dry powder with ranges between 50 – 1,000 nm and rapidly developed nanotechnology with potential applications in various field of pharmaceutics cosmetic, clinical medicine research mainly focused on drug targeting site and hydrophilic lipophilic carrier and various lipid and surfactant are used phospholipids and poloxamer 188 and triglycerides are used.SLN offer unique properties such as large surface area, small size, high loading. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Drug Carrier, Surfactant, Solid-lipid, Phospholipids.

NanotechnologyDrug CarrierSurfactantSolid-lipidPhospholipids.
306,309 views
91,937 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.001

Contributors:

 Varsha Dute¹
,
 Prasad Kharche
Research PaperID: AJPTR96002

Formulation and Comparative Evaluation Of Semisolid Dosage Forms Of Natural Agents (Camphor and Menthol) for Muscle Spasms

Pallerla Anusha

A muscle spasm, or muscle cramp, is an involuntary contraction of a muscle. Muscle spasms occur suddenly, usually resolve quickly, and are often painful. The use of NSAIDs has been routine in the management of muscle spasm. Although effective at reducing pain and inflammation. NSAIDs may not be appropriate to use frequently or longer time due to their known side effects. Natural agents like camphor and menthol are having analgesic activity as well as each active individual ingredient has its own medicinal value. For greater and effective results, we are using combination of camphor and menthol. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic ointments were prepared by taking 25mg, 50mg and 100mg of each agent as combination of camphor-menthol. All the prepared formulations were evaluated for pH, spreadability and diffusion studies. The selected formulations were evaluated for In-vivo studies in comparison with marketed preparations. The finalized preparation was kept for stability studies according to ICH guidelines. Keywords: In-vivo studies, Natural agents,

In-vivo studiesNatural agents
306,388 views
91,873 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.002

Contributors:

 Pallerla Anusha
Research PaperID: AJPTR96003

Formulation and Evaluation of Semi Solid Dosage Forms Based On Naturally Occurring Analgesic Agent Camphor

V. Sirisha, P.Tripura Sundari

Oral analgesics are commonly prescribed  for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, but these  agents often produce adverse systemic effects, which some times are severe ,so topical administration of analgesics is an alternative method. The  aim of  present work is to develop semi solid preparations of natural analgesics like camphor. Three different strengths were prepared which are 25mg,50mg,100mg in two different bases that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic. All the prepared  formulations  were evaluated  for PH, spreadability, diffusion studies. The selected formulations were evaluated for in-vivo studies in comparison with marketed preparations .The  finalized preparation was kept for stability studies according to ICH guidelines. Keywords: Pain, Camphor, Ointment.

PainCamphorOintment.
306,449 views
91,991 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.003

Contributors:

 V. Sirisha
,
 P.Tripura Sundari
Research PaperID: AJPTR96004

Baby Care – Baby Care Products and Harmful Ingredients Used in Baby Products

C. Sushmitha

Specialized cosmetic products for infant use are gaining a lot of popularity in the Indian as well as global market, as these products have become an inseparable part of modern urban lifestyle. Baby cosmetics are available in a wide range. They claim to be milder than similar products meant for adult use. Present article describes about baby skin structure, difference between adult and bay skin, different baby care products, evaluation of baby care products and different ingredients that cause damage to the baby skin. Keywords:  Structure of baby skin and hair, baby care products, Harmful ingredients used in baby products causing damage to bay skin.

Structure of baby skin and hairbaby care productsHarmful ingredients used in baby products causing damage to bay skin.
306,759 views
92,024 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.004

Contributors:

 C. Sushmitha
Research PaperID: AJPTR96005

A Review On Benefits of Herbal Ingredients used in Sunscreen.

Morupoju Sushma, K.V. Ratnamala

The present review focuses about the benefits of herbal ingredients in the formulation of sunscreen. Sunscreens are called as sunburn or sun blocker creams. Sunscreen function is to protect the skin from damaging effects caused by solar UV radiations. They aid [synergies with] the body’s natural defense mechanisms against solar UV radiations. Its function is based on their ability to absorb, reflect or scatter the rays from sun. Herbal cosmetics are known as the products which acts as beautifying agent as well as have physiological functions like healing, soothing, conditioning, appearance and enhancing characters because of the presence of herbal ingredients.” There is a proof from regulatory authorities that the synthetic sunscreens are more effective towards UV related problems but they have their own potential risk. So, its beneficial and safe to use herbal ingredient in the sunscreen rather than synthetic ingredients. They are easier to incorporate in the sunscreen formulation and do not induce any side effects or provoke the allergic reactions. They are eco-friendly, effective & have good purity, stability, safety, cost effective and easily found in large variety of plants. Hence in this current review an attempt was made to study sunblocking agents which have antioxidant property, that prevent penetration of UV radiation and hence inhibits free radical production. Keywords: Ultravoilet radiation [UVR], Ultravoilet radiation-A [UVA], Ultravoilet radiation-B [UVB], Ultravoilet radiation-C [UVC], antioxidant, SPF [sun protection factor].

Ultravoilet radiation [UVR]Ultravoilet radiation-A [UVA]Ultravoilet radiation-B [UVB]Ultravoilet radiation-C [UVC]antioxidantSPF [sun protection factor].
306,847 views
92,031 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.005

Contributors:

 Morupoju Sushma
,
 K.V. Ratnamala
Research PaperID: AJPTR96006

Quantitation Of Acamprosate In Human Plasma By LCMS And Their Application For Pharmacokinetics Parameters In Bioequivalence Study

Kiran S Chaudhari, Ketan Shah, Milind Bagul, SailendraGoswami

The purpose of this research and development was to develop the elevated susceptible, speedy, stable and reproducible extraction method with precise results. At the same time, this method would be efficient in analyzing the large numbers of plasma samples obtained for bioequivalence studies. The chromatography was performed by using column ZIC®-HILIC, 4.6×150 mm, 5µ. Nimodipine was used as internal standard. The solid phase extraction was used to extract Acamprosate and Nimodipine (Internal standard) from plasma samples. The calibration curve was relied on the concentration of 10.01 ng/mL to 709.36 ng/mL for Acamprosate in human plasma Keywords: Bioequivalence study, LCMS and solid phase extraction  

Bioequivalence studyLCMS and solid phase extraction
306,822 views
92,088 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.006

Contributors:

 Kiran S Chaudhari
,
 Ketan Shah
,
 Milind Bagul
,
 SailendraGoswami
Research PaperID: AJPTR96007

Advancement and Validation of Stability Representative RP-HPLC Assay Method of Desvenlafaxine In Pure And Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Vijay P1 SK. Syed Sharif, Ramachandran D

This paper portrays the advancement and approval of a solidness showing fluid chromatographic strategy for measure of desvenlafaxine in unadulterated and in plans utilizing X-Terra RP C18, 250x4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size column with detection at wavelength 226nm. In the present investigation the mobile phase comprising of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile in the proportion of 60:40%/v with the Flow rate of 1.0ml/min and column temperature at surrounding temperature uncovered the better resolution and affectability for desvenlafaxine. The maintenance time of desvenlafaxine peak was about 3.632min independently. The created approach be accepted according to ICH regulations which incorporate framework appropriateness, particularity, linearity, exactness, accuracy, vigor, toughness, affectability, cutoff of detection and measurement contemplates and the outcomes were incorporated in this paper. Keywords: Desvenlafaxine, stability indicating method, RP-HPLC, ICH regulations.

Desvenlafaxinestability indicating methodRP-HPLCICH regulations.
307,143 views
92,038 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.007

Contributors:

 Vijay P1 SK. Syed Sharif
,
 Ramachandran D
Research PaperID: AJPTR96008

Development and Validation Of UV Spectroscopic Method For Estimation Of Ivabridine HCl In Tablet Dosage Form

Ashwini V. Kuwar, Ashwini Panditrao Patil, Kanchan D. Jadhav, Swapnil R. Patil, Kalpesh V. Sonar

To develop and validate simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method for estimation of Ivabridine HCl in tablet dosage form. The drug is freely soluble in analytical grade water. The drug was identified in terms of solubility studies and on the basis of melting point done on melting point apparatus of Equiptronics. It showed absorption maxima were determined in analytical grade water. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation of concentration with absorption which reflect in linearity. The UV spectroscopic method was developed for estimation of Ivabridine HCl in tablet dosage form and also validated as per ICH guidelines. The drug is soluble in analytical grade water, slightly soluble in methanol and freely soluble in ethanol. So, the analytical grade water is used as a diluent in method. The melting point of Ivabridine HCl was found to be 194-195?C (uncorrected). It showed absorption maxima 260 nm in analytical grade water. On the basis of absorption spectrum the working concentration was set on 6µg/ml (PPM). The linearity was observed between 2-10 μg/ml (PPM). The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was found to be 98.75, 98.33 and 101.25% for three levels respectively. The % RSD for precision was found to be 0.54%. A simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method has been developed for estimation of Ivabridine HCl in tablet dosage form. The method could be considered for the determination of Ivabridine HCl in quality control laboratories. Keywords: Ivabridine HCl, UV Spectrophotometer, Melting Point, Assay Method, Validation, Accuracy, Linearity, Ruggedness, Precision.

Ivabridine HClUV SpectrophotometerMelting PointAssay MethodValidationAccuracy+3 more
307,120 views
92,214 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.008

Contributors:

 Ashwini V. Kuwar
,
 Ashwini Panditrao Patil
,
 Kanchan D. Jadhav
,
 Swapnil R. Patil
,
 Kalpesh V. Sonar
Research PaperID: AJPTR96009

A Stability Indicating HPTLC Method Development and Validation for Analysis of Sitagliptin As Bulk Drug And In Formulation

K R Patil, T A Deshmukh, V R Patil

Sitagliptin chemically is (3R) -3-amino-1-[3- (trifluoromethyl)-6,8-dihydro-5h- [1,2,4] triazolo [3,4-c] pyrazin-7-yl]-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) butan-1-one (Fig. 1), an oral anti-diabetic agent that blocks Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity. Sitagliptin increased incretin levels (GLP-1 and GIP) which inhibit glucagon release, in turn decreases blood glucose, but more significantly increases insulin secretion. The present work describes development and validation of a new simple, accurate, precise and stability indicating HPTLC method for the determination of sitagliptin in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol (3: 6: 1 v/v/v) as mobile phase and UV detection at 238 nm. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The drug was subjected to stress condition of acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, photolysis, thermal degradation. Results found to be linear in concentration range of 100-500 ng/band. The developed method can be used for the quantification of bulk drug as well as in formulation. Keywords: Sitagliptin, HPTLC, Degradation Studies

SitagliptinHPTLCDegradation Studies
307,098 views
92,194 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.009

Contributors:

 K R Patil
,
 T A Deshmukh
,
 V R Patil
Research PaperID: AJPTR96010

Stability Testing of Olmesartan and Cilnidipine in Bulk and Formulations by RP-HPLC

Mohan Rahul S, Gore Shubham, Kotame Radhika, Tagad Rupesh

The stability of drug product or a drug substance is a critical parameter which may affect purity, potency and safety. The stability indicating method is that employed for the analysis of stability samples in pharmaceutical industry. Forced degradation studies show the chemical behavior of the molecule which in turn helps in the development of formulation and package. Forced degradation is a degradation of new drug substance and drug product at conditions more severe than accelerated condition. Thus, this review discuss the current trends in performance of stability indicating method to force degradation by providing strategy for conducting studies on degradation mechanism Stability testing by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been performed of cilinidipine and olmesartan. All the drugs were separated. The retention time of cilinidipine and olmesartan was founded respectively. Ranges of 50 -300μg/ml for cilinidipine and 25 – 150 μg/ml for Olmesartan. Keyword: Olmesartan, Cilnidipine, RP-HPLC.

OlmesartanCilnidipineRP-HPLC.
307,136 views
92,190 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.010

Contributors:

 Mohan Rahul S
,
 Gore Shubham
,
 Kotame Radhika
,
 Tagad Rupesh
Research PaperID: AJPTR96011

Haematopoiesis Stimulation by Aqueous Extract of Parquentina nigrescens in Wistar Albino Rats

Fola Tayo, Moses O. Akiibinu1& Folorunso Abegunde

Extract of Parquetina nigrescens is used traditionally to treat anaemia by Yoruba people of South Western Nigeria. There is no previous study on the stimulatory effects of the herb on lymphoid cells (i.e. CD4+ T-cells). This study determined the levels of products of bone marrow stimulation including CD4+ T-cell in Wistar rats after oral administration of aqueous extract of the leaf of P. nigrescens. Fifteen Wistar rats, divided into five groups were used for this study. Group A=untreated (controls), group B=treated with 0.008 g of extract/kg body weight (BW), group C= treated with 0.08 g of extract/ kg BW, group D= treated with 0.8g of extract/kg BW, group E= treated with 8.0g of extract/kg BW. Blood sample was collected from each rat through cardiac puncture for the determination of hematological indices (WBC, RBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, total lymphocyte and CD4+T-cells) using haemocytometer and flow cytometer respectively. Aqueous extracts of the leaf of P. nigrescens did not evoke any observable toxic effect. There were significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of CD4+ T-cells and WBC in groups D and E compared with controls. PCV increased significantly (p<0.05) in groups C and E, while RBC was significantly (p<0.05) higher only in group E. MCV increased significantly (p<0.05) in groups B, C and D compared with controls. Hb and lymphocyte levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in groups C and E compared with controls. The dose of extract correlated significantly with RBC (r=0.660, p-value=0.027) and CD4+T-cells (r =0.812, p-value =0.002). Aqueous extract of P. nigrescens at 0.8g/kg BW and 8.0g/kg BW may be beneficial to immune-compromised and anaemic individuals respectively Keywords: Parquentina  nigriscence, single dose, haemopoiesis

Parquentina  nigriscencesingle dosehaemopoiesis
307,180 views
92,152 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.011

Contributors:

 Fola Tayo
,
 Moses O. Akiibinu1& Folorunso Abegunde
Research PaperID: AJPTR96012

Quantitation of Diltiazem and Its Metabolite Desacetyl Diltiazem and N-Desmethyl Diltiazem in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy.

Kiran S Chaudhari, Ketan Shah, MilindBagul, SailendraGoswami

A simple, sensitive, selective and rugged liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) method for quantification of Diltiazem and its metabolites, N-desmethyl Diltiazem, desacetyl Diltiazem in human plasma was developed and validated. The chromatography was developed using Luna 5 μ, C18, 100×4.60 mm column having a mobile phase of Acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid (85:15 % v/v). The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min at a column temperature of 50 ± 5º C. Electron spray ionization technique in positive mode was selected to improve the selectivity and sensitivity required for this application. The retention times of Diltiazem, desmethyl Diltiazem, desacetyl Diltiazem were 2.5, 2.0 and 2.5 minutes respectively. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, matrix effect, dilution integrity, ruggedness, injection reproducibility and stability. Calibration curves during the course of validation were found to be linear for Diltiazem, desmethyl Diltiazem, desacetyl Diltiazem in the ranges of 0.604-603.902, 0.303-303.274 and 0.299-299.489 ng/mL with correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9969, 0.9958 and 0.9970 respectively and by using a 1/x2 weighted least square regression analysis of standard plots associated with ten point calibration standards. The precision and mean accuracy were within the acceptable limits. Keywords: Diltiazem; desmethyl Diltiazem, desacetyl Diltiazem; LCMS/MS; Validation.

Diltiazemdesmethyl Diltiazemdesacetyl DiltiazemLCMS/MSValidation.
307,645 views
92,232 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.012

Contributors:

 Kiran S Chaudhari
,
 Ketan Shah
,
 MilindBagul
,
 SailendraGoswami
Research PaperID: AJPTR96013

Review on imperative species of medicinal plant: Luffa accutangula. An Update

Anjali Sharma, Shaily Mishra, Sudha Singh, Shamim Ahmed, Devansh Mehta

Medicinal Plants form the basis of traditional medicinal system. The medicinal plants usage is higher in developing countries with respect to the developed nations. In past the usage of medicinal plants use of medicinal plants and traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants has increased at great pace. The reported sales of medicinal plants or herbal medicines have crossed $ 60, 000 million dollars in year after 2000. Luffa accutangula is herbal plant, whose fruit is commonly used as vegetable as well as traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants were reported to be around 40 to 50 percent of population using it in Germany, around 43 percent usage in America, and around 48 percent in Australia and 49 percent in France. However in recent few decades (i.e. three decades) in Asian countries the sales have risen sharply. The plant is highly rich in medicinal values, and many pharmacological activities have been reported in the plant. Looking at the richness of Gourd (Luffa accutangula) the present review has been written in order to provide an up-to-date report on this imperative species of medicinal plant. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Herbal remedies, Pharmacology of medicinal plants, Luffa accutangula  

Medicinal plantsHerbal remediesPharmacology of medicinal plantsLuffa accutangula
307,417 views
92,308 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.013

Contributors:

 Anjali Sharma
,
 Shaily Mishra
,
 Sudha Singh
,
 Shamim Ahmed
,
 Devansh Mehta
Research PaperID: AJPTR96014

Clinical Efficacy of Hulba (Trigonella foenum graecum Linn.) and Dry Cupping (Hijamat Bila Shurt) in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams Ibtidae) ’

Kaenat Zahra, Dr Abdull, Dr Razia Shaheen

Primary dysmenorrhoea (Usre tams ibtidaee) is the most common gynecological disorder in menstruating women. It is a common menstrual cramps with high prevalence rate; responsible for the highest incidence of absenteeism resulting in loss of working hours. In addition both work & school performances are found to be poor in women on their days with dysmenorrhoea. Thus, proper treatment is essential to over the hardship, so, in present study the objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hullba and hijamat bila shrut in the management of dysmenorrhoea. A randomized, standard controlled clinical trial was conducted in OPD of DUMCH-RC from August 2014 to February 2016. A total of 60 patients diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhoea aged between 12-30 years were assigned randomly to the interventions. The test group A (n=20) received 3gm of Hulba (Trigonella foenum graecum) twice daily from day 1 to day 3 of menstrual cycle. The test group B (n=20) received same dose of Hulba with dry cupping (hijamat bila shurt). These interventions were given for three consecutive cycles. The results were analyzed and compared statistically by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square or Fisher Exact test to find the significance of study parameters. The groups showed similarity in terms of baseline characteristics and biochemical parameters (P>0.05). The inter group comparison showed that group A was equally effective as group B and C (P>0.05), whereas group B was more- effective than group C (P=0.02) in reducing pain intensity. The associated symptoms were also improved in all groups. No adverse drug effects were observed. Hulba was as effective as mefanamic acid, whereas Hulba with dry cupping was more effective than mefanamic acid in reducing pain intensity and discomfort. The test drug (Hulba) and dry Cupping were found to be more effective in the management of primary dysmenorrhoea. Keywords: Primary.dysmenorrhoea; Usre Tams Ibtidaee; Hulba; Hijamat bila shurt; Visual An

Primary.dysmenorrhoeaUsre Tams IbtidaeeHulbaHijamat bila shurtVisual Analogue Scale.
307,629 views
92,340 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.014

Contributors:

 Kaenat Zahra
,
 Dr Abdull
,
 Dr Razia Shaheen
Research PaperID: AJPTR96015

Screening of Anthelmintic Activity of Various Extracts of Zizyphus Jujuba Bark

Dhanapal Venkatachalam

The objective of the study was to evaluate anthelmintic activity on adult Indian earthworm Phertima posthuma   in various extracts from the bark of   Zizyphus jujuba.  Z..jujuba commonly called, Red Date or Chinese date or Bera (Pushto), belonging to family Rhamnaceae, is used primarily for its fruits. Jujube, a delicious fruit, is an effective herbal remedy improving stamina and muscular strength and aids weight gain, strengthens liver function and increases immune system resistance. The dried bark of Zizyphus jujuba was powdered and extracted with various solvents by successive soxhlet hot extraction process with increasing order of polarity. The various   extracts were screened for anthelmintic activity on adult earthworms Phertima posthuma, using piperazine citrate as standard drug. The results revealed that the methanol extract of Zizyphus jujuba bark showed anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 20 mg/ml, whereas the aqueous extract of Z.jujuba bark also showed paralysis and death at similar concentrations. The other test concentrations of both the extracts showed marked degree of anthelmintic activity. The anthelmintic effect of methanol extract at 40 mg/ml concentration is comparable with that of the effect produced by the standard drug piperazine citrate. The methanol extract showed the effect beyond 80 mg/ml concentration that is comparable with the standard drug Piperazine citrate. The methanol extract was more effective than the other extracts. The activity of the extracts was found to be inversely proportional to the time taken for paralyse or death of the earth worms. The active principles responsible for anthelmintic activity is due to the presence of flavonoids, steroids and tannins in the extracts. The results concludes the methanol extract was more anthelmintic activity   than the other extracts. Keywords:  Zizyphus jujuba, Anthelmintic activity, Phertima posthuma, Piperazine citrate

Zizyphus jujubaAnthelmintic activityPhertima posthumaPiperazine citrate
307,879 views
92,322 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.015

Contributors:

 Dhanapal Venkatachalam
Research PaperID: AJPTR96016

Quantum computing will enhance the power of Artificial intelligence. A boon for Research endeavors across the globe

Devansh Mehta, Ashish Paharia, Sudha Singh, Mohd. Salman

Quantum computing the recently invented computing power helps in carrying out calculations at really high pace. This will in other way boost the power of Artificial intelligence and its advantages to research activities altogether. As quantum computing computes at the power of qubits, so the artificial intelligence which is the intelligence of human mind would be enhanced. Hence this letter has been written in order to emphasize the development of super human power in terms of computers, which means the research would be done at super human intelligence. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Quantum computing, Super Human research development, Molecular Research

Artificial IntelligenceQuantum computingSuper Human research developmentMolecular Research
308,142 views
92,341 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.016

Contributors:

 Devansh Mehta
,
 Ashish Paharia
,
 Sudha Singh
,
 Mohd. Salman
Research PaperID: AJPTR96017

A Novel Structured Emulsion Containing Oleocanthal Enriched Extra Virgin Olive oil and Curcumin

Koteswari P, Gowthami P, Deepika Y, Abhishek Kumar G

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune destructive joint disease that is caused by inflammation in the tissue that normally produces lubrication fluid for joints.  Till now there is no known cure for RA and the goal of treatment is to reduce joint inflammation and pain. The present investigation is to develop a novel formulation called structured emulsion using extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) enriched with oleocanthal and curcumin. Oleocanthal and curcumin are recently recognized for their anti-rheumatoid and anti-cancer properties. The primary objective of this investigation is preparation of EVOO extract containing oleocanthal as major fraction. The second objective is inducting this oleocanthal fraction into EVOO to enrich EVOO with oleocanthal and this is taken as oil phase. The structured emulsion was prepared and evaluated for various physicochemical properties such as viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, pH, Curcumin content. FTIR studies were carried out to identify any interactions between curcumin ,oleocanthal and other excipients used in the formulation. Ex-vivo studies were conducted for determining the curcumin release rate. The emulsion exhibited pseudoplastic behavior and thixotropic properties. The ex vivo studies showed first order drug release. FTIR studies revealed that there was no drug or drug excipient interactions. Curcumin loaded oleocanthal enriched structured emulsion was prepared successfully and evaluated. Keywords: oeocanthal, curcumin, structured emulsion

oeocanthalcurcuminstructured emulsion
307,893 views
92,563 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.017

Contributors:

 Koteswari P
,
 Gowthami P
,
 Deepika Y
,
 Abhishek Kumar G
Research PaperID: AJPTR96018

Bilayer Tablet Technology: A Review

Swapnil R Patila, S.C. Atrama, Kalpesh V. Sonarb

Bilayer tablet is the novel technology for the development of controlled release formulation. Developing a combination of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients in a single dosage form is known as a bilayer tablet. Bilayer tablet is more suitable for gradual release of two active ingredients in combination. The preparations of bilayer tablet were needs due to separate incompatible active pharmaceutical ingredient (APIs) for each other. Bilayer tablets material involves both the compressibility and consolidation. The primary objective of sustained release drug delivery is to ensure safety and to improve efficacy of drugs as well as patient compliance. Bi-layer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs in combination, separate two incompatible substances and also for sustained release tablet in which one layer is immediate release as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. Bilayer tablet is improved beneficial technology to overcome the shortcoming of the single layered tablet. In the case of bi-layered tablets drug release can be rendered almost unidirectional if the drug can be incorporated in the upper non-adhesive layer its delivery occurs into the whole oral cavity. Keywords: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Bi-layer tablet

Active Pharmaceutical IngredientBi-layer tablet
308,493 views
92,536 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.018

Contributors:

 Swapnil R Patila
,
 S.C. Atrama
,
 Kalpesh V. Sonarb
Research PaperID: AJPTR96019

A Novel Method Development and Validation of Deltiazem Hydrochloride in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by Using UV- Spectrophotometric Method

Suresha DN, Rashmi T, SenthilKumar GP

A Novel, simple, accurate, and precise Area under curve spectroscopic method was developed and validated for the estimation of Diltiazem Hydrochloride in Pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms and has an absorption maximum between 232-242nm in 0.1M Sulphuric acid. The stock solution was made to produce 1000 µg/ml with 0.1M Sulphuric acid. The linearity was found in the concentration range of 1-3.5 µg/ml. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9999. The regression equation was found to be Y=0.1013x+0.002. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and ruggedness. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for estimation of Diltiazem Hydrochloride was found to be 0.01066µg/ml and 0.1066µg/ml, respectively. Recovery of Diltiazem Hydrochloride was found to be in the range of 100.02-101.68 %. The %RSD values were less than 2. The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines. The Proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of Diltiazem Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Keywords: Diltiazem Hydrochloride, Area under curve Spectroscopy, 0.1M Sulphuric acid, accuracy.  

Diltiazem HydrochlorideArea under curve Spectroscopy0.1M Sulphuric acidaccuracy.
308,387 views
92,633 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.019

Contributors:

 Suresha DN
,
 Rashmi T
,
 SenthilKumar GP
Research PaperID: AJPTR96020

Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Valsartan In Tablet Dosage Form

Swapnil R. Patil, Anagha P. Patil, Prajakta D. Chaudhari, Kalpesh V. Sonar

To develop and validate simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method for estimation of Valsartan in tablet dosage form. The drug is freely soluble in analytical grade Ethanol, Methanol and Acetonitrile. The drug was identified in terms of solubility studies and on the basis of melting point done on Melting Point Apparatus of Equiptronics. It showed absorption maxima were determined in diluent Methanol: Water (50:50) ratio. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation of concentration with absorption which reflect in linearity. The UV spectroscopic method was developed for estimation of Valsartan in tablet dosage form and also validated as per ICH guidelines. The drug is freely soluble in analytical grade Ethanol, Methanol, Acetonitrile and sparingly soluble in water. So, the analytical grade Methanol: water (50:50) is used as a diluent in method. The melting point of Valsartan was found to be 115-116?C (uncorrected). It showed absorption maxima 250 nm in Methanol: Water (50:50) ratio. On the basis of absorption spectrum the working concentration was set on 20µg/ml (PPM). The linearity was observed between 10-30 μg/ml (PPM). The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was found to be 98.75, 101.00 and 99.17% for three levels respectively. The % RSD for precision was found to be 0.35%. A simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method has been developed for estimation of Valsartan in tablet dosage form. The method could be considered for the determination of Valsartan in quality control laboratories. Keywords: Valsartan, Development, UV Spectrophotometer, Melting Point, Assay Method, Validation, Accuracy, Linearity, Ruggedness, Precision.

ValsartanDevelopmentUV SpectrophotometerMelting PointAssay MethodValidation+4 more
308,558 views
92,647 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.020

Contributors:

 Swapnil R. Patil
,
 Anagha P. Patil
,
 Prajakta D. Chaudhari
,
 Kalpesh V. Sonar
Research PaperID: AJPTR96021

Contribution of Nanotechnology In the Improvement of the Anti-Inflammatory activity of Shea butter.

Oumar Thioune, Sidy Dieng, Ahmedou Bamba Koueimel Fall, Moussa Diop

Unrefined shea butter is a vegetable fat that can be used for its anti-inflammatory properties related to its unsaponifiable fraction but also as excipient for various forms. In this study, the aim was to see how to take advantage of this dual status in order to improve the anti-inflammatory activity of shea butter through nanotechnology. In other words, it was to test the hypothesis of an improvement of the anti-inflammatory activity of unrefined shea butter when used in the form of nanoparticles  and gel / nanoparticle system. The nanoparticles were prepared by a phase inversion method and had an average size of 400 nm with a poly dispersion index of 0.416, a zeta potential between -5 and -7mV and a pH around 5.3-5.4. The gel / nanoparticle complex was obtained by mixing the nanoparticles with a gel based on polyethylene glycol, water and HydroxyPropyl Methylcellulose. The mouse ear edema test was implemented for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity and the results showed a clear improvement of the latter. Indeed, the ratios (R) between the percentage inhibition of the anti-inflammatory activity (I) and the real percentage of shea butter used in the various preparations are respectively: crude shea butter (I = 62.52%; R = 0.62), nanoparticles (I = 60.80%, R = 1.05) and gel / nanoparticle complex system (I = 52.41, R = 6.38) (for the latter, the proportion of nanoparticles in the complex system was 4/24). Keywords: Shea butter, phase inversion, lipid, nanoparticles, nanoparticle/gel complex, anti-inflammatory activity

Shea butterphase inversionlipidnanoparticlesnanoparticle/gel complexanti-inflammatory activity
308,551 views
92,597 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.021

Contributors:

 Oumar Thioune
,
 Sidy Dieng
,
 Ahmedou Bamba Koueimel Fall
,
 Moussa Diop
Research PaperID: AJPTR96022

Focus On the Use of Shea Butter as Excipient For Ointment

Oumar Thioune, Ahmedou Bamba Koueimel Fall, Sidy Dieng, Moussa Diop

Shea butter is a fat produced from the seeds of Vitellaria paradoxa (Sapotaceae). It can exist under different qualities which depend on several factors such as the region of origin, the method of production, treatments performed, etc. Its use as ointment excipient  was the subject of several work that has raised issues that need further discussion. In this study, certain aspects relating to the adequacy between the main properties required for the ointment excipients and the characteristics of the different qualities of shea butter were analyzed. The data collected showed that for some properties, namely organoleptic characteristics such as color and odor, it may be necessary to perform discoloration or deodorization operations to ensure the comfort of the user. Similarly, it has sometimes been necessary to add peanut oil to the butter to reduce its consistency in order to facilitate its spreading. Concerning the release of the active ingredients, the qualities of the butter seem to have no influence because whatever the butter used, the results obtained were satisfactory. As regards and long-term stability, the composition could have a great influence, but the refined shea butter obtained by chemical extraction seems more apt to act as an excipient. However, for such a product, it is still necessary to standardize industrial procedures for obtaining it, with a view to propose a standard shea butter, specifically for use as ointment excipient. Keywords: Refined shea butter, unrefined shea butter, excipient for topical forms, ointment

Refined shea butterunrefined shea butterexcipient for topical formsointment
308,636 views
92,559 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.022

Contributors:

 Oumar Thioune
,
 Ahmedou Bamba Koueimel Fall
,
 Sidy Dieng
,
 Moussa Diop
Research PaperID: AJPTR96023

Hulba (Trigonella foenum graecum Linn.): the blessed medicinal herb of Unani System of Medicine

Kaenat Zahra, Abdullah, Razia Shaheen

Hulba is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs in the recorded history. According to Unani Physicians Hulba has dafae tashannuj, mudirre haiz, mulattif muhallil and munzij properties. The drug is globally distributed, easy available and one of the proved analgesics. It is pharmacologically proved for anti-inflammatory, analgesics diuretic and immunomodulatory activities. These properties are attributed to the presence of saponins, tannins and flavonoids. To gather the literary description regarding the Hulba, a potent Unani herbal drugs. For getting reference for Hulba, author search the classical Unani Text and the research done on the said herb. Author also uses Google Search, Google Scholar and Google Search pdf as search engine to get the information from internet. Keywords: Hulba; Trigonella foenum graecum Linn; Unani medicine, Herb, Tibb, AYUSH.

HulbaTrigonella foenum graecum LinnUnani medicineHerbTibbAYUSH.
308,894 views
92,605 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.023

Contributors:

 Kaenat Zahra
,
 Abdullah
,
 Razia Shaheen
Research PaperID: AJPTR96024

Phytochemical Screening of Achilliea Millefolium Collected at IIIM Srinagar (J&K)

Fayaz Ahmad Shah

Achillea millefolium L. typically known as Yarrow is an interminable herb neighborhood to North America, Northern Asia, and Southern Europe. Plant Belongs to family Asteraceae, which have diverse restorative repairing properties for human life. A. millefolium contains dynamic constituents like are luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, artemetin, betonicine, stachydrine, trigonelline, palmitic destructive linoleic destructive, aspartic destructive, glutamic destructive, camphor, linalool, azulene, chamazulene, sabinene, achillin, 1,8-cineole and various others. The objective of this work was search the closeness of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, antraquinones, antraquinonic and cardiovascular glycosides in leaves of A. millefolium created at the "Horto de Plantas Medicinais e Tóxicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara-UNESP, São Paulo" through depiction reactions. In A. millefolium leaves the specific depiction reactions for alkaloids, antraquinonic and heart glycosides and antraquinones presented negative results. A bit of the depictions performed for flavonoids showed positive reactions. The closeness of thick and hydrolyzable tannins similarly as saponins was portrayed. Considering the delayed consequences of phytochemical screening, the antibacterial activity of the A. millefolium leaves separate was surveyed, yet showed negative results.

MillefoliumPhytochemicalFlavonoidsSaponinsGlycosides.
308,834 views
92,625 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.024

Contributors:

 Fayaz Ahmad Shah
Research PaperID: AJPTR96025

Formulation and Evaluation of Hyptis suaveolens Herbal Syrup

Ashvini R. Patil, Ravindra Patil

The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate herbal cough syrup. Potential anticough herbs were used for formulating herbal syrup. Decoction of plant Hyptis suaveolens, Leaves of Adulsa (Adhathoda vasika), stems of mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra), fruits of golmirch (Piper nigrum) and plant of pudina (Mentha piperita) was prepared. One part of decoction was mixed with five parts of simple syrup IP (1:5) to prepare formulation. The formulations were evaluated by morphological characters, physical parameters like PH, density, viscosity, Specific gravity, etc. Herbal syrup was also subjected for the accelerated stability testing (AST) for the period of 72hours at accelerated temperature conditions. No marked changes were noticed in all the evaluated parameters during AST. The laboratory scale preparation of herbal Syrup may be used as a stable, liquid dosage form and the work done in stability testing may help in the progress of shelf-life determination studies. The presence study includes preparation and evaluation of Hyptis suaveolens herbal syrup first time.

Hyptis suaveolensCoughorganolepticqualitative
308,903 views
92,673 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i6.025

Contributors:

 Ashvini R. Patil
,
 Ravindra Patil

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