Simultaneous Determination of Aceclofenac and Pregabalin in Combined Dosage form by using RP-HPLC Method

Patel Trusha; Bhadani Shweta; Chaudary Ankit; Vaghela Kiran; Gopi Kalyan Kumar Boligarla; Veldandi Saritha; L. Reddy Gantla; P. Venkata Ramana; T. Raveendranath Babu; Sreedhar NY; Savita Chaurasia; Rimsi Saxena; D.Sivakumar; G.Geetha; Anita G. Sullad; Lata S. Manjeshwar; Tejraj M. Aminabhavi; Ashwini Deshpande; Pritesh Patel; Yasmin Begum; Mahender Uppu; Kiran Kumar Bandarupalli; Suman Bandi; Vijisaral Elezabeth D; Arumugam S; Satyanarayana MV; Satyadev TNVSS; Nageswara Rao M; Anuradha V; Pravalika Methuku; Navya Vancha; Aaska M. Patel; Vandana B. Patel; Nishita S. Shah; Rohit K. Patel; Khushboo P. Patel; Dilip G. Maheshwari; John Peter Paul; Shri Devi; S.D.K; Rania Abdullah Al Farsi; Alka Ahuja; Nida'a Mohammed Ali; Heena Mulla Muzawar; Viresk.K.Chandur; A.R. Shabaraya; Kiran C Nilugal; Komathi Perumal; Ugander R E; Asif iqbal chittor; B Arirudran; Vijayalakshmi krishnamurthy; A Saraswathy; Vijisaral Elezabeth D; Arumugam S; Md. Abdullah Al masum; Florida Sharmin; Md. Mofazzal Hossain; Tasnim Sharmin; Rezaur Bin Islam; Ranjit Kumar; Arun Kumar; Md. Ali; A. Nath and J.K. Singh

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

June 2014 Issue 3

Volume 4, Issue 3 - $2014

Issue Details:

Volume 4 Issue 3

Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: June 2014 Issue 3

Welcome to the 2014 issue of American Journal of PharmTech Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Hemangi J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of PharmTech Research

Articles in This Issue

Showing 67 of 67 articles

Research PaperID: AJPTR43001

An Abrust- for Anticancer Plants Inducing Apoptosis.

Biba Veerabhadran Sobhana

Traditional medicines have been recently recognized as a precise and knowledge for new source of anticancer drugs and new chemotherapy adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and to ameliorate the side effects of cancer chemotherapies however their healing mechanisms are still largely unknown. The current available methods of treatment like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can induce certain side effects, so there is urge for alternate or adjuvant therapies has arisen. The natural compounds present in plants were known to inhibit or kills carcinogenic cells. In the race for the designing of new anti-cancer drugs development the phytochemical investigation of herbs has contribute new ideas in some extent. Apoptosis is the programmed cell death in which the cells activate an intracellular death program and kill themselves in a controlled way. The phytochemicals that have the anticancer property by inducing apoptosis are safe, abundantly available from dietary sources and the drugs have good immunomodulatory properties. This attempt has been made to review plant and plant products used in the prevention and treatment of cancer by inducing apoptosis.

Traditional medicineMedicinal plantsPhytochemicalsApoptosis.

138,099 views

41,368 downloads

Contributors:

Biba Veerabhadran Sobhana

Research PaperID: AJPTR43002

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: The Frontier in Drug Delivery.

Riyaz Ali M. Osmani, Rohit R. Bhosale, Bhargav R. Harkare, Prasanna P. Ghodake, Mithun A. Thombare

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a forefront drug delivery system with diverse potential applications in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical research, nanomedicine and other allied branches of science. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on these SLNs as colloidal drug carriers for incorporating hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. Proteins and antigens intended for therapeutic purposes can also be incorporated or adsorbed onto SLNs, and further administered by parenteral route or by alternative routes such as oral, nasal and pulmonary etc. Due to their unique size dependent properties SLNs offer possibility to develop new therapeutics. The ability to incorporate drugs into these nanocarriers offers a new prototype in drug delivery that could use for drug targeting. Hence SLNs hold great promise for reaching the goal of controlled and site specific drug delivery and hence attracted wide attention of researchers. Also the problems associated with conventional chemotherapy can be overcome by encapsulating them in SLNs. The present review focuses on SLNs brief introduction, utility in terms of their advantages, production methodology, characterization and applications and their possible remedies. Further investigation and research related to SLNs may open new vistas in nanotechnology and in therapy of multifaceted diseases.

NanomedicineSolid Lipid NanoparticleNanocarrierDrug Delivery.

137,912 views

41,489 downloads

Contributors:

Riyaz Ali M. Osmani

Rohit R. Bhosale

Bhargav R. Harkare

Prasanna P. Ghodake

Mithun A. Thombare

Research PaperID: AJPTR43003

Review on Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System

Chetan Amrutkar, K.S. Salunkhe, S.R.Chaudhari

Self nanoemulsifying drug delivery (SNEDDS) is used for drugs which exhibit low water solubility. Dissolution is the rate limiting factor for these drugs. SNEDDS are capable of improving the bioavailability substantially of such drugs. They are formulated by utilizing an oil phase, surfactant and a co-surfactant. This formulation forms nano emulsion (O/W type) on contact with aqueous body fluids i.e gastric juices when administered orally. Solid SNEDDS (s-SNEDDS) can also be formulated in the form of tablet which shows greater advantages. With recent and potential future developments, this technology will continue to enable novel applications in drug delivery and overcome limitations associated with the delivery of poorly water soluble drugs, mainly those belonging to BCS class-II and class-IV.

Self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)oil phasesurfactantsco-surfactantsPseudo ternary phase diagrams.

137,939 views

41,469 downloads

Contributors:

Chetan Amrutkar

K.S. Salunkhe

S.R.Chaudhari

Research PaperID: AJPTR43004

Acetaminophen Misuse: A Possible Risk Factor of Autism

Tarek T. Abdel-Razek, Hassen Bennasir

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a major public health concern as a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with pronounced risk for failure of adaptation across social, educational, and psychological outcomes. The exact etiology of autism is unclear. However there is a lot of research work giving some insights about the possible predisposing factors that enhance chance of autism. Several lines of evidence suggest that prenatal and/or early life acetaminophen exposure may adversely affect neurodevelopment increasing incidence of autism. Since 1980 acetaminophen greatly has replaced aspirin as an analgesic and anti-pyretic following reports indicating that aspirin use was associated with Reye’s syndrome. Notably acetaminophen use has been associated with at least a 10-fold rise of autism epidemic since the early 1980s. Several mechanisms have been suggested to implicate the role of acetaminophen in pathogenesis of autism as altered immune function and impaired hepatic detoxification capacity resulting in accumulation of potentially neurotoxic metabolites. In early life, maturational compromises to the glucuronidation pathway in combination with the compromises to the sulfation pathway that typify autistic children, may lead to utilization of the suboptimal secondary metabolic routes with the potential for adverse neurological effects in susceptible individuals. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy has also been associated with altered metabolism increasing autism rates in born infants. The use of acetaminophen may also trigger autism by activating the endocannabinoid system thereby interfering with normal development. Accumulating evidence linking significantly increased rates of autism with prenatal and early life acetaminophen exposure strongly suggests its cautious use during these critical times.

Autismacetaminophensulfationimmunitycannabinoid system.

138,447 views

41,442 downloads

Contributors:

Tarek T. Abdel-Razek

Hassen Bennasir

Research PaperID: AJPTR43005

Novel Drug Delivery of Calcitonin

Shruti Parab, Varun Mali

The essay is a short overview of the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses and the delivery aspects of calcitonin. It will deal with different routes of delivery of calcitonin with the focus lying primarily on the intra-nasal delivery and oral delivery of the hormone. Calcitonin was initially administered as a subcutaneous/ intra-muscular injection and to overcome certain problems associated with these delivery routes such as patient compliance, inflammation at the site of injection, hypersensitivity reactions and stability of the formulation other routes of delivery are being explored and the most successful route of administration so far is the intra-nasal route. The essay will also give brief information of the nasal spray available in the market currently and the pump-system used for the intra-nasal delivery. The oral route of administration is also being dealt with in some detail as it is one of the most promising routes for delivery of calcitonin and other such peptide molecules and has a bright future. In vitro and in vivo research towards making a successful oral delivery formulation is being carried out and this essay gives a brief overview of some important areas studied so far.

CalcitoninHormonedrug delivery.

138,250 views

41,518 downloads

Contributors:

Shruti Parab

Varun Mali

Research PaperID: AJPTR43006

Synthetic and Pharmacological Profile of Thiopene: A Review

Nachiket S. Dighe, Amol S. Balsane, Ravindra B Laware, Santosh S Dengale, G S Asane2 and Deepak S Musmade

Thiophene a five member heterocycles had been found with enormous biological activities with the suitable modifications in the structure. The present review is an attempt made to direct the attention of the researchers towards the thiopene ring for the development of newer chemical entities which are quite useful in the treatment of various life threatening diseases and disorders This review article covers the most active thiopene derivatives that have shown considerable biological actions such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory. This review also discusses the structure-activity relationship of the most potent compounds. It can act as an important tool for medicinal chemists to develop newer compounds possessing thiopene moiety that could be better agents in terms of efficacy and safety

ThiopheneBiological activitiesmethod of synthesis.

138,511 views

41,496 downloads

Contributors:

Nachiket S. Dighe

Amol S. Balsane

Ravindra B Laware

Santosh S Dengale

G S Asane2 and Deepak S Musmade

Research PaperID: AJPTR43007

Experimental Models of Focal Ischemia: from Preference to Parameters

Samardeep singh

Focal ischemia, a ischemia of specific area of the brain, is responsible for many deaths and disabilities across the globe that may be due to clot formation or accidental collapse of arteries in either case treatment is required to treat ischemic insult and further deterioration of neurons in the brain. To know exact pathophysiology and biochemical events it becomes necessary to study those conditions in vivo. Furthermore to check drug moieties for the treatment of ischemic conditions and its prognosis, animal models are required to mimic those conditions artificially. There are many factors on which choice of animal for animal model is depend like age, species and genetics. The species which would be near to humans in evolution hierarchy should exhibit almost similar physiological as well as pathological architecture of vascularity and ischemic condition. But other factors cannot be ignored in this regard like finances, survival and labour intensiveness. During literature survey, out of many available models of ischemia, rodent models are found to be used mostly in preclinical research so this review is a collaborative approach contains methods and types to select animal and animal models along with the mechanisms and assessment of ischemic conditions.

Focal IschemiaMCAOanimal modelsischemiachoice of animal models

138,637 views

41,523 downloads

Contributors:

Samardeep singh

Research PaperID: AJPTR43008

Zingiber Officinale, A Herbal Drug for Xerostomia

A. Nandhini, C. Sumathi

Pain in orofacial region is frequently observed in dentistry due to dryness of mouth (Xerostomia). The commonly used drugs like antihistamines, antihypertensives etc and disease like diabetes may induce dryness of mouth. Treatment with conventional drugs has side effects. Hence, natural remedy with herbal drugs mainly Zingiber officinale a well known hepatoprotective, antiemetic and antiarthritic drug as a possible alternative in treatment of Xerostomia has been viewed in this paper. Key words: Dryness of mouth, Zingiber officinale, salivary secretion

Dryness of mouthZingiber officinalesalivary secretion

138,549 views

41,602 downloads

Contributors:

A. Nandhini

C. Sumathi

Research PaperID: AJPTR43009

A Review on Natural Contraceptive Agents

Gamal A. Mohamed, Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim, Rwaida A. Al Haidari

One of the most critical problems of throughout the world especially in developing and underdeveloped countries is the increase in human population. Fertility control is an issue of global and national public health concern. Sexual and reproductive health is a prerequisite of all goals because it has a direct link to social, economic and human development. Family planning has been prompted through several methods of contraception, but due to adverse effects produced by synthetic steroidal contraceptives attention has now been focused in indigenous plants for possible contraceptive effect. Contraceptive ability of plants has been reported in several animal models. The reversibility of the anti-fertility effects of plants and its active compounds are of potential clinical relevance in the development of contraceptive. This review attempts to focus on the potential of medicinal plants as the source of new contraceptive principles.

Contraceptivemedicinal plantsFertilityadverse effects.

138,816 views

41,671 downloads

Contributors:

Gamal A. Mohamed

Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim

Rwaida A. Al Haidari

Research PaperID: AJPTR43010

Phase Transition Method Use for Preparation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet

Nilesh D. Suryawanshi, S. F. Sayyad

Mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) prepared by the crystalline / phase transition method has focused on decreasing the dissolution (or disintegration) time of the tablets in the mouth, while maintaining sufficiently high mechanical strength to withstand handling during manufacturing, packaging, and transportation. The key to developing a successful MDTs formulation by the phase transition method is to select the right excipients. In general, MDTs are made of highly hydrophilic materials and possess highly porous structures for fast water absorption into the tablet. After heating MDTs, the median pore size of the tablets was increased and tablet hardness was also increased due to phase conversion into the tablets. It is concluded that a combination of low and high melting point sugar alcohols, as well as a phase transition in the manufacturing process, are important for making MDTs without any special apparatus.

Mouth dissolving tabletsPhase transitioncrystalline transitionSugar alcohol.

139,023 views

41,825 downloads

Contributors:

Nilesh D. Suryawanshi

S. F. Sayyad

Research PaperID: AJPTR43011

Phytochemical evaluation and Biomarker isolation from a Poly-herbal formulation

Rajalakshmy M R, Sindhu A, Geetha G

Plant derived medicines are popularly used nowadays considering their natural origin and low side effects. Phytochemical compounds are responsible for their various biological activities. Qualitative evaluation of such formulations is a challenging task due to high variability of their chemical components. This work aimed at preparing and evaluating a polyherbal anti-stress medicine, formulated using four potent Ayurvedic drugs namely Withania somnifera, Valeriana wallichii, Bacopa monnieri and Piper longum and also isolating a bioactive marker compound from the same.The formulation was prepared as per classical methods of Ayurveda and analysed for physicochemical characters like loss on drying, total ash content, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extractive value and alcohol soluble extractive value by standard methods. Phytochemical analysis was performed for detecting presence of carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, Terpenoids, glycosides and saponins and for estimating active groups like total phenolic content, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography fingerprint profiling was performed to confirm the presence of various phytocompounds. The biomarker compound was isolated by column chromatography method and characterized by UV-Visible, H1-NMR, C13-NMR and Mass spectroscopy methods. Physicochemical analysis showed presence of about 18% water soluble components and about 14% alcohol soluble components. Preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed presence of carbohydrate, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, phytosterols and saponins. Quantitative analysis showed presence of about 7.6% phenols, 1.3% flavonoids, 1.1% tannins and 3.5% saponins. Spectroscopic study indicated isolated compound is a phenolic compound 3, 4, 5-tri hydroxybenzoic acid.

Antioxidantsbioactive compoundphenolic compoundflavonoidmemoryanti-stress+4 more

139,089 views

41,844 downloads

Contributors:

Rajalakshmy M R

Sindhu A

Geetha G

Research PaperID: AJPTR43012

Simultaneous Determination of Thiocolchicoside and Ketoprofen in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations by Validated Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method

Satyanarayana MV, Satyadev TNVSS, NageswaraRao M, Anuradha V

A new validated RP – HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Thiocolchicoside and Ketoprofen in combined dosage form. The method developed produced high sensitivity, precision and accuracy. An isocratic C18 (Inertsil ODS, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5µ) column was used with mobile phase of composition Acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer (70: 30 at pH 4.6) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 258.2 nm for separating Thiocolchicoside and Ketoprofen. The retention time of Thiocolchicoside and Ketoprofen were 2.4 min and 3.5 min respectively. The developed method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and robustness as per ICH guidelines. Linearity for Thiocolchicoside and Ketoprofen were found in the range of 2.0 – 12.0 µg/ml and 6.2-38.75 µg/ml, respectively. The percentage recoveries for Thiocolchicoside and Ketoprofen ranged from 99.35- 100.21% and 98.66-99.29 %, respectively. The proposed method could be used for routine analysis of Thiocolchicoside and Ketoprofen in their combined dosage forms. All the proposed methods for Thiocolchicoside and ketoprofenare simple, selective, reproducible and specific with good precision and accuracy. The method was proved to be superior to most of the reported methods. These proposed methods for estimation of selected drugs were successfully applied either in tablet dosage form. More over the low solvent consumption along with short retention time of 2.4 and 3.5 for both Thiocolchicoside and Ketoprofen to be cost effective when compared to other developed method shown in literature reviews. The proposed method can be used as alternative methods to the reported ones for the routine determination of selected drugs under the study in tablet dosage form

Liquid ChromatographyThiocolchicosideKetoprofenCombined dosage formsSimultaneous estimationValidation

139,155 views

41,804 downloads

Contributors:

Satyanarayana MV

Satyadev TNVSS

NageswaraRao M

Anuradha V

Research PaperID: AJPTR43013

Formulation and Evaluation of Bi Layer Tablets of Chlorzoxazone

D. Nirmala, Ajaykumar.B, V. Umamaheshwar Rao, R. Sireesh Kiran

The main objective of this research work was to formulate and evaluate the bi layer tablets of chlorzoxazone by using different polymers. Chlorzoxazone is centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. The tablets containing immediate releasing layer and sustained release layer. The polymers used are microcrystalline cellulose pH 102, sodium starch glycol ate, croscarmellose, povidone for immediate releasing layer, HPMC K 100 cps, K4cps, E15cps, carbomer 971P, and natural gums like guar gum, Xanthan gum for sustained drug release layer. The matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation methods. All the excipients are tested for compatibility with drug, which revealed that there was no physical and chemical interaction occurred. The Pre formulation parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio were analyzed. The In-Vitro drug release studied were Performed in the USP dissolution apparatus- (paddle) using pH 1.2 HCL buffer and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer as dissolution media at 100rpm speed and temperature of 37oC ± 5oC. The sampling was done at periodic time intervals of 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours and was replaced by equal volume of dissolution media after each withdrawal. The cumulative amount of drug release at different intervals is estimated using UV method. Based on the evaluation result the formulations F6 was selected as best formulation among immediate release and is used to compress with sustained release layer. Among all formulation FB8 formulation (HPMC K100m 88%) shown maximum release of 98.84% drug in 12th hour.

Chlorzoxazonesodium starch glycolateHPMC K100mK4Mdissolution studiessustained release

139,448 views

41,934 downloads

Contributors:

D. Nirmala

Ajaykumar.B

V. Umamaheshwar Rao

R. Sireesh Kiran

Research PaperID: AJPTR43014

Development and Validation of HPTLC and RP-HPLC Methods for the Estimation of Berberine in Coscinium Fenestratum Extract and its Formulation

Jayaprakasam. R 1 * T.K. Ravi

Two simple, sensitive and precise HPTLC and RP-HPLC methods were developed for the estimation of berberine from Coscinium fenestratum, and its formulation. For the determination of berberine by HPTLC method, precoated silicagel 60F254 on aluminium sheets and a mobile phase system comprising of n-butanol: glacial acetic acid : water (8:1:1 % v/v/v ) was selected. After development the plate was scanned and quantified at 350 nm. Linearity was found in the concentration range of 10 to 50 ng/spot (r=0.9992). Limit of detection was found to be 5 ng/spot and limit of quantification was found to be 10 ng/spot. In RP-HPLC method, separation was achieved on a Phenomenex, Luna, C18 column (150 x 4.6mm internal diameter, 5µ particle size) using a mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH - 2.5) (A) : acetonitrile (B), where B was run in gradient programme (20% for 0.01-20min, 50% for 20-25min, 50% for 25-26min, 20% for 26-30min), at a flow rate of 1ml/min and the elute was monitored at 220nm. The calibration curve was obtained in the range of 100 - 500 µg/mL. The slope, intercept and correlation coefficient values were found to be 57588, 6041and 0.9959, respectively. The method was validated in compliance with ICH guidelines. Low relative standard deviation and good % recovery values of both the methods showed that the developed methods were highly precise, accurate and can be employed for the routine analysis of formulations containing berberine.

Coscinium fenestratumBerberineHPTLCRP-HPLCFrok capsulesValidation.

139,309 views

41,940 downloads

Contributors:

Jayaprakasam. R 1 * T.K. Ravi

Research PaperID: AJPTR43015

Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase (ESBL) Organisms Associated with Clinical Infections and their Characterization through Plasmid Profiling

Sarika Gupta, Prakash Kumar, Tripti Richharia1 and Saksham Gupta

Extended spectrum -lactamases are plasmid mediated. These plasmids produce enzymes that hydrolyze broad spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. They acquire resistance prevalently through plasmid encoded. Study determines plasmids and their correlation with drug resistance against many antibiotics that limits their therapeutic implications. Bacteriological analysis of 50 samples susceptible for ESBL was conducted. The samples subjected to susceptibility tests and detection of ESBL. Plasmid DNA isolation of all the ESBL positive strains of E. coli was done by alkali-lysis method. Finally the presence of plasmid was correlated with susceptibility to beta lactam drugs. ESBL was detected in 56% (28 out of 50 isolates). Maximum ESBL incidence recorded of E. coli (30 %) followed by Klebseilla pnemoniae (18%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 %). ESBL exhibited high-level resistance to beta lactam antimicrobial agents like Amoxiclave (56%), Cefuroxime (54%), Cephotaxime (54%), Ceftriaxon (50%), Ceftazidime (46%) and Cefixime (36%). During plasmid profiling of eight isolates of ESBL E. coli showed one to four definite bands indicating the presence of different plasmids. ESBL’s constitute a growing class of plasmid-mediated -lactamases which confer resistance to broad spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. Incidence of ESBL is continuously increasing globally with limited treatment alternatives and formulates treatment policy. Moreover, restricted use of the third generation cephalosporins lead to withdrawal of selective pressure and use of lactam and -lactamase inhibitor combinations may exert reverse mutation on these enzymes. There is a strong correlation between the number of plasmids harbored by an isolate and drug resistance.

PrevalenceExtended Spectrum &#946-Lactamase (ESBL)Clinical Infections and Plasmid profiling

139,859 views

41,864 downloads

Contributors:

Sarika Gupta

Prakash Kumar

Tripti Richharia1 and Saksham Gupta

Research PaperID: AJPTR43016

Anti-oxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Leaf and Bark Extracts of Clerodendrum Indicum.(L.)Kuntze

Rashmi Ranjan Dash, Soumya Ranjan Pattanaik, Shakti Ketan Prusty, Sunita Bhatnagar

Clerodendrum indicum.(L.)Kuntze is commonly known as bharangi, roots and leaves are used in skin and digestive disorders by folk people. In Ayurvedic medicine same is used as cough and pitta suppressant. However, very less work is reported from this plant. The aim of the study in this paper was to evaluate its cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of leaf and bark extracts. Cytotoxic potential was explored using brine shrimp mortality assay and antioxidant potential of the extracts was explored using quantitative TLC based DPPH assay and Qualitative Radical scavenging DPPH assay. An attempt was made to isolate the active fraction of the plant from leaf extract. Out of four extracts Methanol extracts of leaf (C.indicum) showed significant cytotoxic activity of 90% at the dose of 200µg/ml. Maximum number of antioxidant bands were obtained in chloroform extract of the leaf sample. Methanol extract of leaf gave a flavonoids fraction which showed promising cytotoxic activity. Thus, study has provided lead and needs elaborate experimentation.

Brine shrimpDPPHCytotoxicAntioxidantClerodendrum indicumTLC.

139,833 views

41,896 downloads

Contributors:

Rashmi Ranjan Dash

Soumya Ranjan Pattanaik

Shakti Ketan Prusty

Sunita Bhatnagar

Research PaperID: AJPTR43017

Development and Optimization of Nail Lacquer Containing Fluconazole for Transungual Drug Delivery System

Amrita Sawant Desai, Shripathy D, A.R.Shabaraya

The present investigation focuses on the Optimization and formulation of medicated nail lacquer containing Fluconazole for transungual drug delivery system using ethyl cellulose as polymer and two different penetration enhancers. Fluconazole is a tri azole antifungal drug having broad spectrum activity. It acts by inhibiting 14 – α demethylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme which converts lanosterol to ergosterol. Ergosterol inhibition causes increase in permeability of cellular membrane of fungi and hence leakage of cellular components. In present study Formulations were designed according by the design expert software 8.0.7.1 and the central composite design was selected for designing of experiments. The prepared formulations were evaluated for the different parameters such as drying time, smoothness of flow, gloss, water resistance, non – volatile content, drug content, in – vitro diffusion studies, in – vitro permeation studies, drug release kinetic studies. By applying the available information from the evaluation of nail lacquer 35 optimized formulations were obtained and out of which three were selected for further studies. Three optimized products were subjected to different evaluation parameters, drug release kinetics, anti – fungal testing and stability studies. Key words: transungual drug delivery, Fluconazole, optimization, penetration enhancers, in – vitro permeation studies, ethyl cellulose.

transungual drug deliveryFluconazoleoptimizationpenetration enhancersin – vitro permeation studiesethyl cellulose.

140,026 views

41,912 downloads

Contributors:

Amrita Sawant Desai

Shripathy D

A.R.Shabaraya

Research PaperID: AJPTR43018

Antioxidant enzyme activity, Phenolics & Flavonoid content in vegetative and reproductive parts of Moringa Oleifera Lam.

Sankhalkar Sangeeta

Plant polyphenols are gaining increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases. Identification and extraction of phenolic compounds from different plants has become a major area of health and medical research. In the present study, antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of vegetative and reproductive parts of Moringa oleifera Lam. were tested for its free radical scavenging activity by spectrophotometric methods. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content were assayed spectrophotometrically. We observed high amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content in leaves and flowers of Moringa oleifera and this may be responsible for increased antioxidant activity in the plant. Antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also found to be higher in vegetative and reproductive parts of Moringa oleifera. Our study reveals that M. oleifera leaves and flowers are potent source of natural antioxidants and the plant is valuable in pharmaceutical industry.

Antioxidant enzymesflavanoidsphenolicsreducing powerscavenging activityMoringa oleifera.

140,080 views

42,111 downloads

Contributors:

Sankhalkar Sangeeta

Research PaperID: AJPTR43019

Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Medicated Lollipop Containing Mebendazole for Paediatrics

Dadhaniya Mohit Kishorbhai, Shripathy D, Shabaraya AR, Viresh K Chandur, Heer Bhatt

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to prepare and evaluate medicated lollipop of mebendazole. One of the major health problems faced by hundreds of millions of school-age children is infection by helminths, more commonly known as worms. Mebendazole is used as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic. The conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, syrups etc are inconvenient for paediatric patients because of difficult to swallow tablets and capsules or unpleasant taste of drug. As a result, the demand for developing new technologies has been increasing day by day. Lollipops or lozenges are flavored medicated dosage forms intended to be sucked and held in the mouth or pharynx containing one or more medicaments usually in the sweetened base. Medicated lollipop is designed to improve patient compliance, acceptability and increase oral retention time. The lollipops were prepared by heating and congealing method using methylcellulose as polymer. Drug-excipient compatibility study was carried out using FT-IR. All the formulations were subjected to various physicochemical evaluations like weight variation, hardness, drug content, friability etc. The in-vitro dissolution study of F0 was found to be 96.14% at 15min whereas F1 was found to be 99.33% at 25min. Stability study was carried out as per ICH-Guidelines (Q1A) at 30oC and 65% RH. From the present study it can be concluded that addition of hydrophilic polymers yield good result to prolong oral retention time of lollipop. Medicated lollipop can provide an attractive alternative formulation in the treatment of paediatric patients.

Medicated lollipopMebendazolemethylcellulose (MC)

140,317 views

42,097 downloads

Contributors:

Dadhaniya Mohit Kishorbhai

Shripathy D

Shabaraya AR

Viresh K Chandur

Heer Bhatt

Research PaperID: AJPTR43020

Anti inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of fruits of garcinia pedunculata in experimental animals.

Ravi Mundugaru, Febin Joy, Shrinidhi R, Lipika Das, Sudhakara, Ravishankar B

Garcinia pedunculata is a medicinal plant commonly known as Amlavetasa, belonging to the family Clusiaceae. The fruit of Garcinia pedunculata were used in the diet as a spice. It has been used as folk remedy in different ailments such as chronic catarrh, asthma, cough, bronchitis, cardiotonicand fever. The present study has been carried out to evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of fruits of Garcinea pedunculata by carrageenan induced paw edema method. Eighteen healthy wistar albino rats were divided into three different groups of six rats each. Group I administered with normal tap water (5ml/kg) served as normal control. Group II administered with Ibuprofen 100mg/kg served as reference standard and group III administered with aqueous extract of fruits of Garcinea pedunculata(400mg/kg). In Acute oral toxicity study there was no mortality in any dose up to 2000mg/kg. The aqueous extract of fruits of Garcinea pedunculata has shown significant anti inflammatory activity by significantly decrease in the paw volume recorded at three different time interval compared with control group (**p< 0.01). It can be concluded that aqueous extract of fruits of Garcinea pedunculatahas potent anti inflammatory activity and there is a need for further scientific investigation to explore its anti inflammatory activity.

Garcinia pedunculataAmlavetasaIbuprofenBronchitisAnti- inflammatoryCarrageenan.

140,416 views

42,079 downloads

Contributors:

Ravi Mundugaru

Febin Joy

Shrinidhi R

Lipika Das

Sudhakara

Ravishankar B

Research PaperID: AJPTR43021

Clinical evaluation of Arpooraadi Vati and Chitrakaadi Gutika in management of Sarvasar Roga (Mukhapaka) W.S.R. to Aphthous Ulcer

Ashok Kumar Sharma, Sharir Rachana, Manisha M.S

Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer is the most common mouth ulcer disorder; found upto 25% in general population. It causes significant morbidity through pain and interference with eating. Ayurved provides a cure and prevents recurrences. For the present study , 30 patients were registered and treated into single group under the trial of combined effect of two formulations named Karpooraadi vati and Chitrakaadi Gutika for 15 days. An analysis based on subjective & objective parameters revealed that combination of two formulations provided significant improvement & relief in the patients. No recurrence and side effect were noted during trial and follow up. Keywords-Karpooraadi vati, Mukhapaka ,RAU (Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer), SarvasarRoga

Karpooraadi vatiMukhapakaRAU (Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer)SarvasarRoga

140,451 views

42,216 downloads

Contributors:

Ashok Kumar Sharma

Sharir Rachana

Manisha M.S

Research PaperID: AJPTR43022

In vitro antioxidant potential, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Artabotrys crassifolius Hook.f. & Thomson

Kok Kwan Tan, Teng Jin Khoo, Christophe Wiart

The aim of the current study was to assess the antioxidant potential, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of crude extracts of Artabotrys crassifolius. The leaves and barks of Artabotrys crassifolius were extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform and ethanol. The corresponding crude extracts obtained were then subjected to TPC, TFC, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. Among the extracts tested, ethanol extracts of barks and leaves showed promising radical scavenging activity which necessitates further isolation and characterisation of the bioactive compounds present in the respective extracts.

AntioxidantPhenolicFlavonoidArtabotrys crassifolius

140,617 views

42,210 downloads

Contributors:

Kok Kwan Tan

Teng Jin Khoo

Christophe Wiart

Research PaperID: AJPTR43023

Molecular investigation and anticancer properties of purified L-Asparaginase from E. coli isolate against, CaCo2, MCF7 and PC3 cell lines

Hala F Mohamed

A clinical bacterial isolate from a patient urine sample in Kasr El-Aini was identified by biochemical and molecular means to be E. coli . This isolate was optimized for production of L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase), a relatively widespread enzyme found in bacteria, eukaryote and mammals but not man. This enzyme catalyzes the deamidation of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. The production of L-asparaginase was achieved through optimization of fermentation parameters and it showed 6.05 IU of enzyme activity. The produced L-asparaginase was then purified by means of chromatography techniques and tested against three different cell lines for its anticancerous activity, human colon cancer CACO-2, Human breast Cancer MCF-7 and Human cancer prostate PC-3. The expression for the regulatory genes BAX, P53 and BCL2, was analyzed by RT-PCR and it was clear that L-Asparaginase enzyme shows anticancer activity against (MCF-7) and (PC-3), where it was non-effective to the cell line (CACO-2). It was also noticed that BAX and P53 genes were upregulated under the effect of Asparaginase enzyme and that BcL2 gene was down-regulated in Human Breast and prostate Cancer cell line while Human colon cell line was not.

L-asparaginasePurificationE.coliantitumor activityexpression genes

140,652 views

42,275 downloads

Contributors:

Hala F Mohamed

Research PaperID: AJPTR43024

A Newer validated and stability indicating UPLC Method for the Estimation of Nordette in Tablet Formulation

V. Sreeram, Prof.M.V.BasaveswaraRao, A.V.D.Nagendrakumar, V.N.V.Kishore

A simple, selective, linear, precise and accurate UPLC Method was developed and validated for rapid assay of Nordette in tablet Formulation. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.4ml/min was employed on C8 1.7 µm (2.1 mm x 100 mm) Column at ambient temperature40 °C. Injection Volume was found to be 5.0 µl. The mobile phase consisted of Acetonitrile : Water 60:40 v/v which is filter through a 0.2 µm filter The UV detection wavelength was 220nm and 2µl sample was injected. The retention time for Ethinylestradiol, Levonorgestrel is found to be ± 1.4 minutes and ± 2.1 minutes respectively. A linear regression curve was constructed, and the correlation coefficients (R2) and assessment values calculated. The percentage RSD for both Ethinylestradiol, Levonorgestrel was found to be 1.5%.The Accuracy of method ranges between 97.0 – 102.8%. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was successfully applied for routine quality control analysis of pharmaceutical formulation.

NordetteEthinylestradiolLevonorgestrelUPLCRecoveryPrecise.

140,631 views

42,278 downloads

Contributors:

V. Sreeram

Prof.M.V.BasaveswaraRao

A.V.D.Nagendrakumar

V.N.V.Kishore

Research PaperID: AJPTR43025

Clinical Evaluation of Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

B.Jayanth kumar, Ch. Manju Sri

A study of 90 cases of urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus has been presented with special reference to epidemiological aspects. A Prospective study was conducted in diabetes mellitus patients with symptomatic Urinary tract infection. This study revealed the incidence of urinary tract infection to be more common in females underlining the fact that females are more prone to infection (Male: Female — 1:2.3).The incidence of urinary infection was progressively higher with the duration of diabetes mellitus, with most infections occurring beyond 10 years of diabetes. Patients most commonly presented with fever, increased frequency of micturation and dysuria and were found to have pyrexia, dehydration and suprapubic tenderness as the commonest clinical signs.

DM-Diabetes mellitusUTI-Urinary tract infection.

140,840 views

42,189 downloads

Contributors:

B.Jayanth kumar

Ch. Manju Sri

Research PaperID: AJPTR43026

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Ramipril and Metoprolol Tartarate in Combined Dosage Form

K. Lalitha Annapoorna, B. Karthik

A simple, precise and sensitive reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Ramipril and Metoprolol tartarate in pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was performed on a High performance liquid chromatography equipped with auto sampler and UV detector. Good sensitivity for all analyte was observed with UV detection at wavelength of 218 nm, Separation was performed on a BDS Hypersil C18 (250 X 4.6mm) 5µm, using a mixture of 0.1% Triethylamine buffer pH 3.5 and Acetonitrile in the ratio of (10:90, v/v). The method results in excellent separation with good resolution between the two analytes. The within day variation %RSD values between Ramipril and Metoprolol tartarate were 0.55 and 0.82. The recovery was greater than 98% with %RSD less than 1.00. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines by performing linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of quantitation and selectivity. The results show the method is suitable for its intended use.

Ramipril (RAM)Metoprolol tartarate (MTP)HPLCSimultaneous determinationRelative standard deviation (RSD)Validation.

140,823 views

42,333 downloads

Contributors:

K. Lalitha Annapoorna

B. Karthik

Research PaperID: AJPTR43027

Formulation and Evaluation of Phenytoin Loaded Biofilms using Annona Squamosa Biomaterial

Abhijeet Ojha, N.V. Satheesh Madhav

In the present paper an effort was made to isolate a biomaterial from the fruit pulp of Annona squamosa and evaluate its film forming capacity. Annona squamosa was isolated by an economic method and subjected to various physical evaluation parameters. The biomaterial was subjected to spectral studies like IR, 1H NMR and DSC analyses. Phenytoin loaded biofilms were prepared using the isolated biomaterial and other co- processing agents. The prepared biofilms were evaluated for their film parameters and subjected to in-vitro drug release studies using static MS diffusion apparatus. The results were compared with the standard HPMC film. The experimental results revealed that the prepared biofilms possessed good folding endurance with appreciable release characteristics. The best film formulation was PS6 with percentage cumulative release of 91.85% over 36 hours. Hence it clearly indicated that the isolated biomaterial possessed inbuilt filmability.

BiofilmsBiopolymersAnnona squamosaPhenytoin.

141,121 views

42,342 downloads

Contributors:

Abhijeet Ojha

N.V. Satheesh Madhav

Research PaperID: AJPTR43028

Allelopathic and antimicrobial evaluation of two Indian weeds- Heliotropium indicum L. and Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn with phytochemical studies

S. Das*1 and A. Coku

In the last two decades, antibiotic resistance has become a severe problem worldwide. Herbal antimicrobials have enormous potential as they can serve purpose with lesser side effects than synthetic antimicrobials. Weeds release different allelochemicals which can act as antimicrobials or herbicides. Leaves of two important Indian weeds viz. Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) and Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) were taken in this allelopathic and antimicrobial study. Seed germination is considered to be the most significant stage especially under stress conditions and thus acts as an excellent model bioassay technique. Aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract of both plants progressively affected germination parameters of tested plants. But it affected seeds of Lactuca sativa more than those of Vigna mungo. Lactuca sativa Germination % declined to 40%-52% in case of ethanolic extract of these weeds. Ethanolic extracts are more effective in inhibiting germination in both indicator plants. The weed extracts were very effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungus Aspergillus niger. Salmonella enterica is the most resistant strain tested against these extracts. Heliotropium indicum L. was found to have tannin, alkaloid, and saponin and glycoside in both types of extracts. Synedrella nodiflora L. contain phenols, alkaloids and flavonoids in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Terpenoids and tannin were found in ethanolic extract of Synedrella nodiflora. The present study concludes that both plants contain herbicidal and antimicrobial constituents. Further studies regarding the isolation and identification of these antimicrobial and herbicidal constituents are necessary.

Heliotropium indicumSynedrella nodifloraweedallelopathyantimicrobialherbicide+1 more

141,411 views

42,436 downloads

Contributors:

S. Das*1 and A. Coku

Research PaperID: AJPTR43029

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Indolylthiadiazinoazetidinone Derivatives As Antimicrobial Agent

Indu Singh, Arun kumar

Some new 3-chloro-(4-substituted aryl)-1-(8-methoxy-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-yl)azetidinones (4a-4g) have been synthesized from N-(substituted benzylidene)-8-methoxy-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-amine (3a-3g). These newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental (C, H, N) and spectral (IR, 1HNMR mass) analysis. Compounds 3a-3g and compounds 4a-4g of the present series have screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compounds 4f and 4g were found to be the most potent members of the present series; they showed maximum antibacterial and antifungal properties much better than the standard drug. In this series Chloroamphenicol was used as standard drug for antibacterial activity and Fluconazole was used as standard drug for antifungal activity.

IndolethiadiazineAzetidinoneAntibacterial activityAntifungal activity

141,282 views

42,339 downloads

Contributors:

Indu Singh

Arun kumar

Research PaperID: AJPTR43030

Assessment of Prescribing Pattern and Appropriateness of Steroids Prescribed In A Private Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

B.Rajalingam, D.Saranyashanmugapriya

Steroids are widely prescribed in modern medicine, because steroid hormones are crucial for proper functioning of the body. Steroid prolonged use is associated with serious AEs. Hence this study was carried out to assess the prescribing pattern and appropriateness of steroids. A prospective observational study was conducted to analyze for the pattern of prescribed steroids and also analyzed to that of the recommended therapeutic guidelines. Out of 1084, 14.5% (157) were steroid therapy. Maximum use of steroids was prescribed for patients above 50 years of age. Almost 38.8% of reasons were related to RTI. The average number of drugs prescribed for each prescription was 9.82±3.7. The drugs prescribed in the study population includes 13.29% of steroids and 54.1% were commonly given through nebulization at the time of admission and tablets was most common dosage form at the time of discharge. 2.5±8.23 average numbers of drug interactions, 21.66% had moderate drug interactions involving steroids. There were 4 adverse drug reactions observed and none of the steroids were involved in precipitating the ADRs. As per therapeutic guidelines, 38.85% of steroids were inappropriately prescribed and Rs. 495±39.49 was the average cost increased (drugs cost alone) for patients for whom the steroids were inappropriately prescribed. This study may be concluded that use of therapeutic guidelines while prescribing corticosteroids will benefit the patients because of lesser side effects, and it also may reduce the cost of treatment and improve therapeutic outcome.

SteroidsAppropriatenessTherapeutic GuidelinesOutcome.

141,542 views

42,386 downloads

Contributors:

B.Rajalingam

D.Saranyashanmugapriya

Research PaperID: AJPTR43031

Biosynthesis of titanium nanoparticles using locally Lactobacillus spp .isolated from different sources

Kawther HkeemIbrahem, Jehan Abdul Sattar Salman, Fattma Abodi Ali

Microorganisms play a very important role in the eco-friendly and green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. The inherent, clean, nontoxic and environment friendly. The present study focuses on the rapid synthesis of titanium nanoparticles by Iraqi Lactobacillus isolates. Seventy five isolates from(120) samples included35vaginal swabs from healthy women, 45 infant stools and 40 yoghurt were isolated and identified to species, then tested for TINPs production. Results showed that only six(8%) isolates produced titanium nanoparticles ,titanium nanoparticles were characterized with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and found the average size ranges from 70.98 to 105.37 nm. The best of our study, this is the first report on synthesis of titanium nanoparticles by Iraqi Lactobacillus isolates from different sources.

LactobacillusAtomic Force Microscopy

141,708 views

42,429 downloads

Contributors:

Kawther HkeemIbrahem

Jehan Abdul Sattar Salman

Fattma Abodi Ali

Research PaperID: AJPTR43032

Quantitative Estimation of L-Dopa from Polyhebal Formulation by using RP-HPLC

Veena S. Kasture, Vijay.P.Sonar, Poonam P. Patil, Deepak S. Musmade

Use of herbal medicines is increasing day by day. Herbal medicine has become popular form of healthcare. The consumption of plant based medicines and other botanicals in the west have increased manifold in recent years. Application of modern scientific knowledge coupled with sensitive analytical technique is important for the quality evaluation and standardization of polyherbal formulations. Mucuna pruriens, an important medicinal plant with wide medicinal properties, is frequently used in a large number of traditional herbal preparations. The present study deals with development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the quantitative estimation of L-DOPA from polyherbal formulations. The method involves Chromatographic separation was performed with SHIMADZU HPLC (Model no. LC- 20 AD) equipped with isocratic pump and manual injector (20μl). Spinchrom chromatographic software was used for data acquisition. RP- C18 (250 mm X 4.6 mm X 5 micron) column was used for analysis. Mobile phase comprising of methanol and water in ratio of 20:80 v/v was filtered through 0.45 micron in membrane filter (Millipore) and degassed by sonication; flow rate of 1ml/min was maintained throughout the run. Column effluent was monitored at 280 nm with variable wavelength UV detector. Thus this developed HPLC method could be further used for the determination of L-dopa in the polyherbal formulations.

Polyherbal formulationHPLC analytical methodM. pruriensL-dopaValidation.

141,768 views

42,619 downloads

Contributors:

Veena S. Kasture

Vijay.P.Sonar

Poonam P. Patil

Deepak S. Musmade

Research PaperID: AJPTR43033

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Balanites aegyptiaca delil from Northern Ethiopia

Tesfay Kahsay, Afework Mulugeta, C.R. Unnithan

Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca have been used in Africa as traditional medicine in the form of juice to treat diarrhea, dysentery, cuts and wounds. So this study is intended to discover the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca leaves. Leaves were macerated using methanol to get a crude extract. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract was found to be 89.6 % at 1 mg/mL with IC50 value of 182.02 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9883) using DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the methanolic leaf extracts was assessed on one gram-positive and one gram-negative bacterium using the disc diffusion assay. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract was higher for Escherichia coli with 8.15 ± 1.22 mm zone of inhibition and for Staphylococcus aureus methanol extract was not effective with the zone of inhibition of 0.00 ± 0.00 mm. The methanolic leaves extract of B. aegyptiaca revealed potential antioxidant activity but antibacterial activity was found to be relatively lower to that of the standard antibiotics used.

Balanites aegyptiacaDPPHantioxidant activity and antibacterial activity.

141,963 views

42,608 downloads

Contributors:

Tesfay Kahsay

Afework Mulugeta

C.R. Unnithan

Research PaperID: AJPTR43034

A Sensitive UPLC Method Development and Validation with LC-MS Compatible for the Determination of 1-Deoxynojirimycin In Mulberry Leaves using Fluorescence Detection

J Rudraprasad Reddy, R Pramod Kumar, K M Ch Appa rao, K Ramakrishna

A simple, rapid, precise LC-MS compatible method for the degradation impurities if any UHPLC method was developed for the determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in Mulberry leaves. The DNJ in 200 mg dried leaves was extracted twice with 50 mL aqueous 0.05 mol/L HCl, then derivatized by 9 fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (9 FMOC-Cl) in Potassium Borate buffer, and analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a fluorescence detector. Chromatographic separation of the same was performed by using a Shimpack XR ODS-III (150*3.0mm) 2.1µm as stationary phase with a mobile phase of 0.1% Acetic acid in water: Acetonitrile (60: 40, v/v) at the rate of 0.5 mL/min. Wavelengths used were 254 nm for excitation and 322 nm for emission, which were suitable for detecting the native fluorescence of all the pigments assayed. The derivatized DNJ was well dissolved from the hydrolysis products of 9 FMOC-Cl. The linearity ranged from 0.45 to 66 mg/L, and the detection limit was 0.2 mg/L (S/N = 3). The content of DNJ in Mulberry leaves was 0.09%, the recovery was 90.0%-110.0%.

UPLCMethod developmentMethod Validation1-deoxynojirimycin and Mulberry leave

141,853 views

42,701 downloads

Contributors:

J Rudraprasad Reddy

R Pramod Kumar

K M Ch Appa rao

K Ramakrishna

Research PaperID: AJPTR43035

Hepato protective activity of ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract of Ruellia Tuberosa L. (whole plant) against N-Nitrosodiethylamine induced liver cancer in wistar albino rats

B Arirudran, Vijayalakshmi krishnamurthy, A Saraswathy

In Indian traditional system of medicine, herbal remedies are prescribed for the treatment of various diseases including liver diseases. The present study aims to carry out a systematic investigation of the protective influences of the ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of R.tuberosa against N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepato-carcinogenesis in wistar albino rats. Liver function was assessed by the determination of AST, ALT and ALP levels along with histopathological examinations. The serum biochemical analysis suggests that the use of ethanolic extract of R.tuberosa exhibited significant protective effect from hepatic damage in N-Nitrosodiethylamine induced hepato-toxicity model. Hepatic enzyme induction is generally an adaptive response associated with increases in liver weight, induction of gene expression, and morphological changes in hepatocytes. Histopathological studies revealed further evidence for its hepatoprotective activity.

Ruellia tuberosaN-NitrosodiethylamineHepato carcinogenesisHepato toxicity.

142,114 views

42,729 downloads

Contributors:

B Arirudran

Vijayalakshmi krishnamurthy

A Saraswathy

Research PaperID: AJPTR43036

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Piper Betle Leaves and Stem Extract In Experimental Wistar Rats

Kiran C Nilugal, Komathi Perumal, Ugander R E, Asif iqbal chittor

The present work aims at evaluating the wound healing potential of a traditional plant Piper betle (PB) of both leaves and stem. The ethanolic extract of both Piper betle leaves and stem were investigated to evaluate the rate of wound healing enclosure and the histology of healed wounds in rats. Four groups of adult female albino wisttar rats were experimentally wounded at the dorsal region of the rats. Group 1 animals were left with untreated and set as negative control. Group 2 animals were treated with 10% Povidone Iodine, and set as positive control. Group 3 and 4 treated with ointment formulation containing 10% Piper betle leaves and 10% Piper betle stem leaves extract respectively. All the four groups are treated with for 21 days. Wound healing was assessed by rate of wound closure estimation and histology studies on the 21st day of post wounding. 10% Piper betle stem enhanced the wound healing process by increasing rate of wound closure compared to negative control group. Histological observation also showed better organized tissue and more collagen fibers in 10% Piper betle stem treated group. These results strongly document the significant effect of 10% Piper betle stem extract to accelerates the rate of wound healing and closure in the experimentally induced wound rats.

Piper betleWound healingHematoxylin & Eosin stain and Massion Trichrome stain the rate of wound healing and closure in the experimentally induced wound rats.

142,177 views

42,642 downloads

Contributors:

Kiran C Nilugal

Komathi Perumal

Ugander R E

Asif iqbal chittor

Research PaperID: AJPTR43037

Formulation Evaluation and Optimization of Fast Dissolving Oral Strips of Isosorbide Mononitrate

Heena Mulla Muzawar, Viresk.K.Chandur, A.R. Shabaraya

Fast dissolving oral films (FDOFs) are the most advanced form of oral solid dosage form due to more flexibility and comfort. Fast dissolving film is a dosage form which when placed in the oral cavity, quickly gets hydrated, sticks onto the site of application and then disintegrates to release the drug. Fast dissolving oral films of isosorbide mononitrate were prepared by solvent casting method. Optimization was carried out to study the effect of independent variables (different polymer and plasticizer concentration) such as HPMC E5 and HPMC E50 as polymer and PEG 400 as a plasticizer on the dependent variables like T90% (sec), in-vitro disintegration time (sec) & % moisture absorption (%). Design expert software (version 8.0.1.6) was used to optimize the formulation. Prepared films were subjected to different evaluation parameters such as surface pH, weight uniformity, thickness of strip, % moisture absorption, % moisture loss, swelling index, drug content, in-vitro disintegration time, in-vitro drug release, stability studies and mechanical properties like folding endurance, tensile strength.

Fast dissolving oral filmsOptimizationIsosorbide mononitrateAnovaPEGHPMC.

142,496 views

42,814 downloads

Contributors:

Heena Mulla Muzawar

Viresk.K.Chandur

A.R. Shabaraya

Research PaperID: AJPTR43038

Study on Prevalence and Management of Gestational Diabetes In Hospitals and Private Clinics In Oman

Rania Abdullah Al Farsi, Alka Ahuja, Nida'a Mohammed Ali

Gestational diabetes mellitus is considered as one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy as it has implications on both the mother and the child. It is caused by reduced pancreatic β-cells function as they don’t produce enough insulin to meet the requirements of pregnancy. Internationally, it is recommended to screen all pregnant women by measuring their glucose between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. It can be managed either non-pharmacologically or pharmacologically depending on the severity of hyperglycemia. The present study was intended to measure the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Oman and to explore the available treatment options in both governmental and private hospitals. Out of 1792 patients who attended the Gynecological department between the study period, a total of 219 patients visited gestational diabetes clinic at Sohar Hospital, Saham Polyclinic and a private hospital. Of the total number of participants from all the clinics, 103 had a family history of diabetes mellitus whereas 17 had no family history. 120 patients agreed to participate in questionnaire interview and were informed about the purpose of the study. A good response from patients is a good indication for a future national study.

Gestational diabetesSohar hospitalcongenital anomalies

142,329 views

42,706 downloads

Contributors:

Rania Abdullah Al Farsi

Alka Ahuja

Nida'a Mohammed Ali

Research PaperID: AJPTR43039

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using Gracilaria Dura (AG.) J.AG. (Red Seaweed)

John Peter Paul, Shri Devi, S.D.K

The synthesis, characterization and application of biologically synthesized nanomaterials are an important aspect in nanotechnology. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles has received a tremendous attention and has been a focus of research due to their high chemical, thermal stability and promising applications in medicinal field due to its environmental friendly approach and also low cost techniques. In the present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous extract of red seaweed Gracilaria dura (Ag.) J.Ag. as the reducing agent. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by colour change, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, FT-IR and X-Ray Diffraction Method (XRD). The nanoparticles showed an absorbance at 446nm on UV-Vis spectroscopy. The presence of proteins was identified by Fourier Transform-Infra Red spectroscopy (FT-IR).The presence of elemental silver was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction Method (XRD).These results not only provide a green approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles but also open a door for new pharmaceutical leads.

NanotechnologySeaweedsGracilaria durasilver nanoparticles.

142,485 views

42,799 downloads

Contributors:

John Peter Paul

Shri Devi

S.D.K

Research PaperID: AJPTR43040

Development and Validation of First Order Derivative UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cefoperazone Sodium and Tazobactam Sodium In Pharmaceutical Formulation

Khushboo P. Patel, Dilip G. Maheshwari

A simple, accurate, reliable and reproducible first order derivative method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Cefoperazone sodium (CEFO) and Tazobactam sodium (TAZO) in pharmaceutical formulation. The linearity was carried out by using the concentration range 5-50 µg/ml for CEFO (275.2 nm ZCP of TAZO) and 2-50 µg/ml for TAZO (225 nm ZCP of CEFO) respectively. The correlation coefficient of CEFO and TAZO was found to be 0.999 and 0.998 respectively. At zero crossing point (ZCP) of CEFO (225nm) TAZO showed a measurable derivative absorbance, whereas at zero crossing point (ZCP) of TAZO (275.20nm) CEFO showed a appreciable derivative absorbance value. Precision study showed that %RSD was within range of acceptable limits (< 2%). The % recovery for CEFO and TAZO was found to be within range of 98-101% and 98-102%respectively. The percentage assay was found to be 101.05% and 99.41% for CEFO and TAZO. The result of analysis has been validated as per ICH guideline. This method has applied successfully for determination of CEFO and TAZO in its pharmaceutical formulation.

Cefoperazone sodiumTazobactam sodiumUV SpectrophotometryFirst order derivative Spectrophotometry.

142,943 views

42,804 downloads

Contributors:

Khushboo P. Patel

Dilip G. Maheshwari

Research PaperID: AJPTR43041

Process validation of Azithromycin Film Coated Tablets

Aaska M. Patel, Vandana B. Patel, Nishita S. Shah, Rohit K. Patel

The purpose of research was to study process validation of Azithromycin 250 mg tablet dosage formulation. Tablets were manufactured by wet granulation method. The critical parameters involved in sifting, dry mixing, wet granulation, drying, dry milling, lubrication, compression and coating stages were identified and evaluated as per validation master plan. Uniformity of dry mixing was found to be satisfactory in 15min. For suitable wet mass consistency, slow speed of impeller was maintained during the addition of binder solution for 10 min which was followed by high speed of impeller for 20 min. Drying time of 1 hour was sufficient to achieve % Loss on drying up to 1.5-2%w/w. Uncoated azithromycin tablets were collected at different speeds and different stages and evaluated for their appearance, average weight, diameter, thickness, disintegration time, hardness, friability and assay. Film coating was performed in auto coater and film coated tablets were evaluated for appearance, average weight, diameter, thickness, disintegration time, hardness, friability, dissolution test and assay. Based on results, it can be concluded that Azithromycin tablets can be effectively prepared with the desired specifications and reproducible quality standards. The outcome indicated that process validation data provides high degree of assurance that manufacturing process produces product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes.

Process validationAzithromycin film coated tabletControl variables

143,049 views

42,936 downloads

Contributors:

Aaska M. Patel

Vandana B. Patel

Nishita S. Shah

Rohit K. Patel

Research PaperID: AJPTR43042

Simultaneous Determination of Aceclofenac and Pregabalin in Combined Dosage form by using RP-HPLC Method

Patel Trusha, Bhadani Shweta, Chaudary Ankit, Vaghela Kiran

A simple, rapid reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP- HPLC) has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Aceclofenac and Pregabalin in tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation was achieved C-18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0μ) as stationary phase and mobile phase containing phosphate (pH adjusted to 5.0 ± 0.05 using NaOH.) Buffer: Acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) at flow rate of 1 ml/min using UV detection at 210 nm. The retention time for Aceclofenac and Pregabalin was found to be 3.177 and 5.530 min respectively. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guideline and successfully used for the quantitative analysis of commercially available tablet. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 20-60μg/ml for Aceclofenac and 15-45μg/ml for Pregabalin.. Lower values of Limit of Detection (0.60μg/ml for Aceclofenac and 0.88μg/ml for Pregabalin) and Limit of Quantification (1.84μg/ml for Aceclofenac and 2.68μg/ml for Pregabalin ) indicated good sensitivity of the method. The method was validate with respect to linearity, robustness, precision and accuracy and was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of aceclofenac and pregabalin from the combined dosage formulation. The percent amount for both the drugs were found to be within limits in the tablet dosage form for both the methods.

AceclofenacPregabalinRP-HPLCvalidation.

143,038 views

42,962 downloads

Contributors:

Patel Trusha

Bhadani Shweta

Chaudary Ankit

Vaghela Kiran

Research PaperID: AJPTR43043

A New Validated Stability indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Montelukast and Rupatadine Fumerate in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical Formulations

Satyanarayana MV, Satyadev TNVSS, Nageswara Rao M, Anuradha V

A new RP – HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Montelukast and Rupatadine fumerate in combined dosage form. An Inertsil C18 column(100 x 4.6, 5µm) was used with mobile phase of composition Methanol : Buffer(0.1% triethyl amine in water with pH adjusted to 3.0 (70:30v/v at pH 4.6) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and injection volume of 20µL with UV detection at 266 nm for separating Montelukast and Rupatadine fumerate. The retention time of Rupatadine fumerate and Montelukast were 5.76 min and 2.86 min respectively. The runtime of the analysis was 6 minutes. The specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), ruggedness and robustness of the developed method were studied to validate as per ICH guidelines. The Linearity range for Montelukast and Rupatadine fumerate were 5.0 – 30.0 µg/ml and 5.0 – 30.0 µg/ml, respectively. The percentage recoveries were in the range for Montelukast and Rupatadine fumerate98.80-100.11 % and 99.06-99.44 %, respectively. The developed method could be used for routine analysis of Montelukast and Rupatadine fumeratein their combined dosage forms.

Liquid ChromatographyMontelukastRupatadine fumerateSimultaneous estimationValidation

143,259 views

42,858 downloads

Contributors:

Satyanarayana MV

Satyadev TNVSS

Nageswara Rao M

Anuradha V

Research PaperID: AJPTR43044

Phytochemical Screening of the Various Extracts of Cyperus Rotundus. L

Vijisaral Elezabeth D, Arumugam S

Cyperus rotundus Linn. (Family: Cyperaceae), commonly known as Mothais a multivalent plant widely used in traditional medicine around the world for treatment of various diseases (fever, dysentery, malaria, skin disease, diarrhoea etc.). The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical profile of leaves of Cyperus rotundus. The powder of the leaves of Cyperus rotundus was successively extracted with acetone, aqueous, benzene, chloroform, cyclohexane, ethylacetate and methanol. A number of biologically active compounds have been isolated from the plant. Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins, amino acids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, anthraquinone, anthocyanin, flavonoid, saponins and alkaloid. Our findings provided evidence that crude aqueous and organic solvent extracts of these tested plants contain medicinally important bioactive compounds and it justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases. The result of the study could be useful to description and foundation of monograph of the plant. Key words: Phytochemical analysis, Saponins, Flavonoids and Cyperus rotundus.

Phytochemical analysisSaponinsFlavonoids and Cyperus rotundus.

143,038 views

42,931 downloads

Contributors:

Vijisaral Elezabeth D

Arumugam S

Research PaperID: AJPTR43045

Studies on the Development of Transdermal Patches of Nebivolol hydrochloride: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In vivo Evaluation

Yasmin Begum, Mahender Uppu, Kiran Kumar Bandarupalli, Suman Bandi

An attempt was made to formulate and evaluate the Nebivolol HCl transdermal drug delivery system. The matrix type films were prepared by using solvent casting technique with polymers HPMC 15cps,PVP K-30,Eudragit RL100 and Methyl cellulose 15cps.Propylene glycol was used as plasticizer. The prepared films were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics such as thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, % moisture uptake and % moisture loss. The drug excipient compatibility was determined by Fourier Transform Infra red Spectroscopy. The results revealed that there were no interaction between drug and selected polymers. In vitro permeation studies were performed in Franz diffusion cell using commercial semi permeable membrane. Ex vivo studies were performed using skin of albino rats. Biological studies such as skin irritation test and % drug diffusion studies were carried out by using rabbits. Drug content varied from 73.72 ± 0.1to 95.4±0.15%. Moisture content and moisture uptake were increased for patches containing higher amount of HPMC due to its hydrophilic nature. The batch F4 (HPMC 1.5%, PVP 0.5%) had shown drug release for 24 h to the extent of 86.87% and drug release followed zero order release kinetics which was of non-Fickaian type of diffusion. The results of ex vivo and in vivo studies were well correlated with in vitro diffusion studies

NebivololHPMCPVPEudragit RL100MCTransdermal matrix films

143,155 views

42,933 downloads

Contributors:

Yasmin Begum

Mahender Uppu

Kiran Kumar Bandarupalli

Suman Bandi

Research PaperID: AJPTR43046

Preparation and Evaluation of Cyclodextrin based Atorvastatin Nanopsonges

Ashwini Deshpande, Pritesh Patel

Cyclodextrin nanosponges are solid, porous, bio-compatible, nano-particulate three dimensional structures which form inclusion complexes with different types of lipophilic or hydrophilic drug molecules and have been used as drug carrier for different drugs. In this present work, new cyclodextrin-based nanosponges of atorvastatin were prepared by condensation polymerization and interfacial polymerization to release Atorvastatin in expected manner in the treatment of dyslipidaemia as novel carriers. Results of encapsulation efficiencies of all formulation trials revealed that condensation polymerization is the best method for nanosponges formation and that is considered as best selected method for preparation. For the selected condensation polymerization, encapsulation efficiencies of atorvastatin in nanosponge formulations were found to be 72 to 86%. SEM images revealed their porous nature and cavity was of β-cyclodextrin. The mean particle size of nanosponges was about 328 nm and Zeta potentials of the nanosponges were sufficient enough (-10 to -15mv) due to presence of carboxylic group and inclusion complex formation which assured stability of formulations. The results of FTIR and DSC confirmed that atorvastatin was compatible with β-cyclodextrin and completely encapsulated in nanosponges structure respectively. The selected formulation produces good dissolution profile (release more than 75% atorvastatin within 60 mins in 0.1 N HCL) which indicated that the solubility of atorvastatin was improved by forming nanosponges. In accelerated stability studies, no significant changes occurred in physical appearance and drug content of atorvastatin nanopsonges formulation during 3 months stability studies. Atorvastatin nanosponges confirmed by insolubility in water and organic solvents like dimethyl formamide, dichloromethane.

Atorvastatin&#946-cyclodextrinnanospongescross-linkerinclusion complex+1 more

143,539 views

43,053 downloads

Contributors:

Ashwini Deshpande

Pritesh Patel

Research PaperID: AJPTR43047

Floating Microspheres of Ethyl Cellulose and Pluronic F127 for Controlled Release of Acyclovir

Anita G. Sullad, Lata S. Manjeshwar, Tejraj M. Aminabhavi

The present work reports on the preparation of ethyl cellulose (EC)-pluronic F127 (PF127)-based tableted floating microspheres by the oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method for the controlled release of acyclovir (ACV). Microspheres of this study were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the chemical interactions of ACV with the polymer, floating behavior, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology of the microspheres, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for investigating their thermal properties and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as. In vitro release experiments of microspheres were performed in acidic pH 1.2 media to understand the release profiles of ACV. The selected sets of microspheres were compressed into tablets using the compressible excipients and their in vitro release performances were evaluated in pH 1.2 media.

Floating microspherestabletsethyl cellulosepluronic F127Acyclovir.

143,626 views

43,115 downloads

Contributors:

Anita G. Sullad

Lata S. Manjeshwar

Tejraj M. Aminabhavi

Research PaperID: AJPTR43048

Docking Studies of 1 3 4 Thiadiazole Derivatives against target Protein PknG from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

D.Sivakumar, G.Geetha

1,3,4 – thiadiazole derivatives derived from various reaction sequences with slight modifications in the side chain with primary amine group at 5th position in the thiadiazole ring. The docking studies were done by using scroodinger software version against the enzyme protein kinase. The structures of all the compounds were drawn using chemdraw software version 8.0. All the thiadiazole derivatives showed satisfactory ligand binding energy between -2.70 to -5.60 k.cal /mole. Compounds A3, A21,M34&M36 showed better glide score with -5.4, -4.9, -4.7 and-4.00 respectively.

Thiadiazole derivativesmolecular dockingSchroodinger softwareligand binding energyprotein kinase enzymemycobacterium tuberculosis.

143,513 views

43,155 downloads

Contributors:

D.Sivakumar

G.Geetha

Research PaperID: AJPTR43049

Evaluation of Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant and Iron Chelation Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Green Beans

Savita Chaurasia, Rimsi Saxena

Green beans contain high concentration of polyphenols, carotenoids, ascorbic acids, tocopherol and flavonoids which fight against oxidative damage. Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of most diseases. Thus, the consumption of dietary antioxidants from vegetables and fruits is beneficial in preventing these diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of four different species of green beans. Ethanolic extract of Phaseolus vulgaris (french bean), Vicia faba (broad bean), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean) and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) were studied for antioxidant properties by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, H2O2 decomposition, reducing power ability assay. Total phenolic content was measured by Folin Coilteau reaction and flavonoid contents were determined by AlCl3 assay. Efforts were made to study the iron chelation. Total phenol content ranged from 17.00 ± 0.004 to 53± 0.007 µg GAE/mg while total flavonoid ranged 22 ± 0.003 to 36 ± 0.006 µg QE/ mg. All the extracts scavenged DPPH radical, decomposed H2O2 and had significant reducing potential. The IC50 for DPPH scavenging activity was highest for Vigna unguiculata as 2.27 ± 0.19 mg/ml while lowest for Vicia faba as 0.18± 0.02 mg/ml. All the extracts chelated Fe2+ form of iron but not Fe3+. A positive and strong correlation (r2 = 0.9) between total phenolic content & antioxidant activity suggests that green beans have enormous potential to enhance antioxidant capacity of our daily food supply and may provide health benefits in oxidative stress as neutraceuticals.

Biological propertiesphytochemicalsneutraceuticaloxidative stressDPPH scavenginggreen beans.

143,914 views

43,113 downloads

Contributors:

Savita Chaurasia

Rimsi Saxena

Research PaperID: AJPTR43050

Bioanalysis of mosapride by a novel LC–MS/MS method by using solid phase extraction technique: a pharmacokinetic application in Indian subjects

Gopi Kalyan Kumar Boligarla, Veldandi Saritha, L. Reddy Gantla, P. Venkata Ramana, T. Raveendranath Babu, Sreedhar NY

In this paper the authors proposed a simple, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay method for the determination of mosapride in human plasma. This method employed mosapride–d5 as an internal standard (IS). Analyte and the IS were extracted form 100 µL of human plasma using solid–phase extraction with no drying, evaporation and reconstitution steps. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column by using a mixture of methanol and 5mM ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The linearity of the method was established in the concentration range 0.18–60.0 ng/mL with r2 ³ 0.99. The intra–day and inter–day precision (%CV) and accuracy results in five validation batches across five concentration levels were well within the acceptance limits. The validated method was found to be applicable to clinical studies.

MosaprideHuman plasmaSolid–phase extraction (SPE)LC–MS/MSPharmacokinetics

144,099 views

43,143 downloads

Contributors:

Gopi Kalyan Kumar Boligarla

Veldandi Saritha

L. Reddy Gantla

P. Venkata Ramana

T. Raveendranath Babu

Sreedhar NY

Research PaperID: AJPTR43051

Development and Validation of Norfloxacin and Metronidazole in Combined Dosage form by vierordts’s Method

Pravalika Methuku, Navya Vancha

A simple, rapid, precise and highly selective spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Norfloxacin and metronidazole in tablet dosage form. This method involves the measurement of absorbances of Norfloxacin and Metronidazole at the wavelength of 272nm (λmax of Norfloxacin) and 334nm (λmax Metronidazole) .0.1 N NaOH was used as solvent. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 1-10 µg/ml for Norfloxacin and 1- 19µg/ml for Metronidazole. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by recovery studies of tablet dosage forms and was found to be 101 and 102% for Norfloxacin and metronidazole respectively. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD less than 2. The LOD of Norfloxacin and metronidazole and LOQ of Norfloxacin and metronidazole was found to be 0.3μg/ml and 1.16μg/ml and 0.79μg/ml and 2.4μg/ml respectively. The developed method was free from interferences due to excipients present in tablets .Thus the proposed method was found to be rapid, specific, precise, accurate and cost effective quality control tool for the routine analysis of Norfloxacin and metronidazole in bulk and combined dosage form.

Norfloxacin (Nor)Metronidazole(MTZ)UV spectrophotometric methodsimultaneous equation method

143,934 views

43,275 downloads

Contributors:

Pravalika Methuku

Navya Vancha

Research PaperID: AJPTR43052

Microwave Initiated Synthesis of Pyrimidine Analogues and Study of their Antimicrobial Properties

Kundan Lal, L. J.Paliwal, M.B.Bagade

An efficient and convenient multi component reaction for the synthesis of 2-Imino-4,6-diaryldihydropyrimidines scaffolds have been accomplished from chalcones and guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of an alkali under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation. The synthesized pyrimidines have been characterized on the basis of their chemical properties and spectroscopic data. Operational simplicity, short reaction times, excellent yields and environmentally-benign conditions are the other advantages of this protocol. Using this method, we have synthesized some new pyrimidines with antimicrobial properties and high chemical yields in much short reaction times.

Solvent- freeAntibacterialChalconesBiological activityGreen Chemistry

144,132 views

43,282 downloads

Contributors:

Kundan Lal

L. J.Paliwal

M.B.Bagade

Research PaperID: AJPTR43053

Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Bambuterol Hydrochloride

Dhooda Ram Jat, Tara Chand

The objective of this present study is to formulate and evaluate the floating drug delivery system of Bambuterol HCl prepared by using synthetic polymers. Formulations were prepared by direct compression technique and sodium bicarbonate was incorporated as gas generating agent. Using different polymers of hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) such as, HPMC K100M, HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M for their gel-forming properties. The compressed Bambuterol HCl floating tablets were evaluated for physical parameters like Tablet Thickness, Hardness, % Friability, Weight variation, Content uniformity, In vitro buoyancy, Swelling index and In vitro dissolution study. Its bioavailability was reported about 20%. As the concentration of the polymers in the formulations increased the drug release decreased. Hence it was considered suitable candidate for formulation as gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system. Floating tablets has been accepted as a process to achieve controlled drug delivery by prolonging the residence time of the dosage form at the site of absorption, thereby improving and enhancing the bioavailability of drug.

Bambuterol HClFloating drug delivery systemHydroxyl propyl methylcellulose.

144,121 views

43,396 downloads

Contributors:

Dhooda Ram Jat

Tara Chand

Research PaperID: AJPTR43054

Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Flurbiprofen

Vinod Ghaderwal, Manoj Khardiya

In the present study, Flurbiprofen was used for preparing Floating dosage form that are designed to retain in stomach for a long time and have developed as a Floating drug delivery system by using various polymers like Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of Flurbiprofen. The mechanism of action of Flurbiprofen is Non selective COX inhibitor which inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was incorporated as a gas generating agent. The direct compression method is used in present work. The formulation was optimized on basis of acceptable tablet properties like optimum hardness, uniform thickness, consistent weight uniformity and low friability. The prepared formulation shows better and significant result all the evaluated parameter.

FlurbiprofenFloating drug delivery systemHPMC K4MCarbopol 940.

144,283 views

43,430 downloads

Contributors:

Vinod Ghaderwal

Manoj Khardiya

Research PaperID: AJPTR43055

Green Synthesis of Plant Mediated Silver Nano Particles and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activities

Umadevi Parimi, Karteek Rao Amperayani

There is an increasing commercial demand for nanoparticles due to their wide applicability in various areas such as electronics; catalysis, chemistry, energy, and medicine Nanoparticles are prepared by a variety of chemical methods which are not environmentally friendly. We report a rapid and convenient method to reductively prepare silver nanoparticles using silver nitrate In this report we use aqueous extracts from plants namely Morinda tinctoria, Michelia champaca. The extracts template the reductive preparation of silver nano particles which are found to be < 100 nm in size. The synthesized compounds are characterized by FT-IR, UV_VIS and XRD data. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and two Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Cryptococcus neoformans. The synthesized nano particles were found to be highly toxic against different multi drug resistant human pathogens

Morinda tinctoriaMichelia champaca. silver nanoparticles

144,392 views

43,402 downloads

Contributors:

Umadevi Parimi

Karteek Rao Amperayani

Research PaperID: AJPTR43056

Preparation and Evaluation of In Situ Gelling Nimesulide Loaded Liquid Suppository using Poloxamer and Menthol

Satnam Walia, Aman Sharma, Prabhjot Singh Bajwa, Binu Raina, Abhimanyu Sharma

The purpose of present work was to prepare a nimesulide-loaded liquid suppository using menthol and to study the effects of various penetration enhancers such as neem oil, tulsi oil and ethanol on the cumulative percentage release of nimesulide. The physicochemical properties such as gelation temperature and gel strength of various formulations composed of nimesulide, menthol and poloxamer 188 were investigated. The in vitro study of nimesulide delivered by the liquid suppositories composed of poloxamer 188, menthol and various concentrations of penetration enhancers were performed. The in vitro studies were performed using Keshary-Chein diffusion cell and Small wonder (Lyzer apparatus). The cumulative percentage release of nimesulide of each formulation were calculated and compared with the other formulations. The liquid suppository formulations containing neem oil 2% and tulsi oil 2% showed excellent release rate as compared to other formulations.

NimesulideNeem oilTulsi oilEthanolLiquid SuppositoryIn vitro release studies.

144,735 views

43,439 downloads

Contributors:

Satnam Walia

Aman Sharma

Prabhjot Singh Bajwa

Binu Raina

Abhimanyu Sharma

Research PaperID: AJPTR43057

Drug Utilization Evaluation of Anti Cancer Drugs

Ayesha Siddiqua, Hiba jafar, Nikhat tabassum, Sunaina firdous, Khaleequa tabassum

Drug utilization review can be defined as review of drugs used in a population to determine effectiveness, potential dangers faced by the patients, problems arised due to drug interaction and also promotes rational use of drugs. Rational use of drugs minimizes polypharmacy , drug interactions minimizing the hospital stay. Our objective was to understand the pattern of occurrence of various cancerous disorders and promote rational use of drugs. It was a prospective observational study which was undertaken in Yashoda Cancer Institute, Hyderabad under the guidance of Dr. N. Bethune for a period of 6months. A total of 100 prescriptions were included in the study. The study criterion were the inpatients upto 90 yrs of age of either gender. Patient data relevant to the study was obtained from patient case records. According to the data collected we found that males (54%) predominated females (46%) and patients were more prominent in 41-60 age group. The use of anti cancer drugs in this hospital was found to be rational and more than 50% of the drugs prescribed are from National list of essential drugs. In conclusion, the use of anti cancer drugs was found to be rational. Pharmacist is the key person for better management of therapy based on stage and condition of patient and also manage the increased cost of therapy and increased risk of unwanted reactions. It has been our sincere effort to minimize the anticipated untoward events (atleast to some extent) by our dissertation

Drug utilization revieweffectivenessdrug interaction

144,930 views

43,545 downloads

Contributors:

Ayesha Siddiqua

Hiba jafar

Nikhat tabassum

Sunaina firdous

Khaleequa tabassum

Research PaperID: AJPTR43058

Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal activity of Coumarin based random copolyester

Narendran Kandaswamy, Nanthini Raveendiran

Synthesis of coumarin based random copolyester was prepared by the reaction of biscoumarin monomer 1 and anthroquinone3 with azeloyl chloride through interfacial polycondensation technique by using phase transfer catalyst. The chemical structure of the copolyester was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Disc diffusion method was employed to investigate the antifungal activity of the synthesized copolyester.

CoumarinAntifungalCopolyesterCondensation.

144,704 views

43,563 downloads

Contributors:

Narendran Kandaswamy

Nanthini Raveendiran

Research PaperID: AJPTR43059

Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents of the Extracts of Cassytha Filiformis. L

Vijisaral Elezabeth D, Arumugam S

Cassytha filiformis (Common name: love-vine, Vernacular name: Kothan) is a creeper plant in the family Lauraceae, traditionally used in treatment of several diseases (cancers, human birthing issues, hypertension, pains and fever). The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical profile of whole plant (except root) of Cassytha filiformis.L. The powder of the cassytha filiformis.L was successively extracted with acetone, aqueous, benzene, chloroform, cyclohexane, ethanol, ethyl acetate and methanol. Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins, amino acids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, anthraquinone, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and alkaloid. The result of the study could be useful to description and foundation of monograph of the plant.

Cassytha filiformisFlavonoidPhytochemicalAnthocyaninAlkaloids and Glycosides.

145,224 views

43,460 downloads

Contributors:

Vijisaral Elezabeth D

Arumugam S

Research PaperID: AJPTR43060

Development and Characterization of Gastroretentive Microspheres of Clarithromycin for H. Pylori infection

Samuel Souza Monteiro, Shwetha Kamath, Shashank Nayak, Shruti Prabhu, A. R. Shabaraya

Gastroretentive systems have the unique quality to remain in the gastric region for several hours. Due to this they prolong the gastric residence time of the drug significantly. Floating microspheres possess the advantage of better flowing properties attributed to the use of low density polymers. Clarithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and extensively absorbed orally. It is used in the eradication of H. Pylori infection combined with an acid suppressing agent. Clarithromycin floating microspheres were prepared using polymer Ethyl Cellulose in different concentrations by solvent evaporation method. The FTIR studies showed no interaction between drug and polymers. The floating microspheres were evaluated for angle of repose, percentage yield, particle size, SEM, buoyancy percentage, drug content, percentage drug entrapment, in-vitro dissolution studies, kinetics of drug release and stability studies. Formulation F3 was found to be the best formulation showing the highest degree of sustained release that is 73.86% at the end of 12 hours. Formulations were seen to follow zero order release profile and Korsemeyer-Peppas model was the best fitting model. Marginal changes were observed in the drug content, buoyancy time and In-vitro dissolution studies which are insignificant. Storage conditions were carried out at 40±20C/75±5%RH for 6 months.

GastroretentiveClarithromycinH. PyloriKorsemeyer-Peppas

145,091 views

43,499 downloads

Contributors:

Samuel Souza Monteiro

Shwetha Kamath

Shashank Nayak

Shruti Prabhu

A. R. Shabaraya

Research PaperID: AJPTR43061

Development and Validation of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Method for Quantitation of Efavirenz from Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

Dileep M. Bhosale, Anna Pratima G. Nikalje

A novel, simple, rapid and stability-indicating reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric method was developed and subsequently validated for quantitation of Efavirenz (EFV) from drug substance matrix. The separation was achieved in 2.5 minutes on Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (50 x 2.1) mm, 1.7µm column in isocratic mode with flow rate 0.4 mL/min. Mobile phase used was 0.01 M ammonium acetate buffer pH 7.5 and acetonitrile in ratio 50:50 v/v. Detection was carried out at the maximum wavelength of 247 nm using a photodiode array detector. The retention time of Efavirenz was found 1.8 minutes. Specificity of the method was established on drug substance by hydrolytic and oxidative stress conditions. Validation of analytical method was carried out as per the current ICH guidelines for linearity, recovery, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness parameters.

Efavirenz (EFV)UPLCAntiretroviralStability indicatingICH

145,085 views

43,556 downloads

Contributors:

Dileep M. Bhosale

Anna Pratima G. Nikalje

Research PaperID: AJPTR43062

Ultra-Violet Spectrophotometric Method for Validation of Rupatadine Fumarate from Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Formulation

Rele Rajan V, Tiwatane Prathamesh P

A simple, rapid, sensitive and precise UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of rupatadine fumarate from bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. In this method rupatadine fumarate showed maximum absorbance at about 250 nm in absolute alcohol. Beer’s law was followed in the concentration range of 1 to 30 μg/ ml. Regression equation was found to be y = 0.0257- 3x 10-5 and coefficient of correlation was 0.9999 . The proposed method is accurate, sensitive, reproducible and useful for the estimation of rupatadine fumarate from bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation.

Rupatadine fumarateAbsolute alcohol

145,543 views

43,709 downloads

Contributors:

Rele Rajan V

Tiwatane Prathamesh P

Research PaperID: AJPTR43063

Antifungal and Phytochemical Screening of Wild Medicinal Plant against fungal Clinical Isolates from Dermatitis

Sarika Gupta, Purva Agrawal, Rahul Rajawat, Saksham Gupta

Dermatophytosis is currently treated with the commercially available topical and oral antifungal agents in spite of the existing side effects. Treatment of these cutaneous infections with secondary metabolites produced by wild plant is considered as an alternative approach. Exploring the unexplored aspect of the wild plants for developing antidermatophytic drugs is a novel attempt which needs further investigation. Study aims to screen eleven wild medicinal plants possessing antifungal activity against the clinical fungal isolates from dermatophytic patients. The methanolic plant extract were analyzed by well diffusion assay and phytochemical characterization of the active ingredient were determined possessing mycocidal activity. Aspergillus sp. was effectively controlled by the extracts of C.roseus , R.communis, T. cordifolia, J. curcas, C. longa; Curvularia sp. by T. cordifolia, R. communis , T. erectus , C. longa; Cladosporium sp. C. roseus , R. communis , L. inermis , T. erectus, A. nilotica; Microsporium sp. by C. roseus, R. communis, J. curcas, L. inermis, A. nilotica and Penicillium sp. by A. nilotica, R. communis, C. longa, T. occidentalis and T. erectus . Maximum Alkaloid was recovered from T. peruviana, Saponin in R. communis and C. roseus, Flavanoid from R. communis, Tannin in T. erectus and C. roseus and phenols from L. inermis. Methanolic plants extracts of Catherenthus reseus, Riccinus communis, Tagetus erectus, Acacia nilotica, Lawsonia inermis and Thuja occidentalis were found to be significantly controlling the test fungi. Data revealed that plants possessing higher phenol, tannin and saponin show antifungal activity.

Antifungal and Phytochemical screeningClinical fungal isolatesfungal dermatophytosisWild Medicinal plant

145,678 views

43,592 downloads

Contributors:

Sarika Gupta

Purva Agrawal

Rahul Rajawat

Saksham Gupta

Research PaperID: AJPTR43064

The Microbial Pollution of Shallow Ground Water Strata due to Seepage of Sewage and Waste Water Discharge

Ather Hussain, M.I. Khan, S.M.Iqbal, Mohd. Imran, M.A.Mallick, Manzar Alam

The ground water is one of the major component to be environmentally protected. It is still neglected to some extent and is not given much consideration in the existing environment protection legislation in most of the developing nations. An important issue for the benefit of society is to find out the extent of impurity of water due to the pathogenic infections in the potable upper level ground water resource which is being consumed by the millions of habitants in the wide Himalayan foothill (plains) region of India. The region consists of alluvial flood effected plains with water table at shallow depth. This research paper pertains to investigation of pathogenic infections in potable first level water table at shallow depths. The samples were collected from the hand pumps of critically located village clusters in the region and tested during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the year- 2011-2012. The tests for few common bacteria have been performed, e.g. - E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and S. typhie. The results found are positive Research Highlight; A wide scope for further research does exist for the societal issue, by investigating complete range of pathogens in the similar geological structure/topography existing anywhere in world to solve health related problems. Also to check suffering and mortality due to water borne diseases and measures to protect and isolate the ground water pollution..

Ground WaterSurface Water LevelPotable WaterGround Water PollutionPathogens and Bacteria.

145,821 views

43,648 downloads

Contributors:

Ather Hussain

M.I. Khan

S.M.Iqbal

Mohd. Imran

M.A.Mallick

Manzar Alam

Research PaperID: AJPTR43065

Effects of mucilage on the material and physico-chemical properties of native and modified starches obtained from Ipomoea batatas

Achor, Mohammed, Saringat, Haji Baie, Allagh, Teyrila Suzan, Hassan, Musa, and Isah, Adamu Baba

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of mucilage on the material and physico-chemical properties of native and modified starches obtained from Ipomoea batatas. Ipomoea batatas starch were pregelatinized and acid modified, subsequently, dispersions of mucilage with native, pregelatinized and acid modified starches in a ratio of 1:20, 1:10, 2:10, 3:10 and 4:10 respectively were produced. The order of magnitude pregelatinized starch > acid modified starch > native starch were seen for parameters such as moisture sorption, hydration capacity and swelling capacity, while native starch > pregelatinized starch > acid modified starch for porosity and angle of repose. These orders were also observed respectively with the dispersion of the various starches in mucilage. Generally an increase in particle size, flow properties, moisture sorption capacity, true densities and a decrease in hydration capacity, swelling capacity and porosity were observed as the mucilage concentration increased.

Ipomoea batatas starchpregelatinizedacid modifieddispersionmucilage

145,887 views

43,845 downloads

Contributors:

Achor

Mohammed

Saringat

Haji Baie

Allagh

Teyrila Suzan

Hassan

Musa

and Isah

Adamu Baba

Research PaperID: AJPTR43066

Evaluation of Nephrotoxic Effect of Endosulfan on kidney of Cavia porcellus

Ranjit Kumar, Arun Kumar, Md. Ali, A. Nath and J.K. Singh

Exposure to pesticides both occupationally and environmentally causes a range of human health problems. A vast majority of the population in India are engaged in agriculture and are therefore exposed to the pesticides used in agriculture. Endosulfan formulations are used in commercial agriculture and home gardening. Endosulfan causes degeneration of spermatozoa of mice as well as declined testosterone level. Endosulfan exposure lead to ovarian nuclear degeneration. It also causes altered liver function and hepatomegaly. Thus present study is designed to evaluate nephrotoxic effect of on biochemical and histological parameters of kidney of mice. The ‘treatment’ groups received Endosulfan 2 mg/kg b.w daily by gavage method for four and eight weeks. Animals were sacrificed after the scheduled treatment. Urea, uric acid and creatinine was increased many folds in endosulfan administered group of guinea pig. Degeneration was observed in glomerulus and bowmen’s capsule. Tubular system of nephron show more degenerative changes. It is evident from study that endosulfan exposure causes elevated biochemical parameters of kidney and degenerative changes in tubular system of nephrons of guinea pig leading impaired nephrotoxicity in kidney. Key words: Nephron, Hepatomegly, Glomerulus, Bowmen’s Capsule

NephronHepatomeglyGlomerulusBowmen’s Capsule

145,736 views

43,708 downloads

Contributors:

Ranjit Kumar

Arun Kumar

Md. Ali

A. Nath and J.K. Singh

Research PaperID: AJPTR43067

Development of Carbomer Based Controlled Release Matrix Tablet of Atorvastatin and Evaluation of their Buoyancy and Release Pattern

Md. Abdullah Al masum, Florida Sharmin, Md. Mofazzal Hossain, Tasnim Sharmin, Rezaur Bin Islam

Atorvastatin Tablet is one of the best selling drugs in the world, but still it suffers inadequate bioavailability problem from oral dosage. An attempt was taken to evaluate the floating drug delivery system for Atorvastatin by incorporating it in different grades of Carbomer matrix. Direct compression technique was selected and different once daily formulations were designed. The tablets were successfully floated over prolonged time and released the drug at a controlled fashion depending on the grade and quantity of Carbomer used. The tablets were evaluated for different physical tests including weight variation, friability, hardness, diameter and thickness. The compatibility between drug and polymers were confirmed by FT-IR spectra. Buoyancy characteristics of the tablets were determined by observing lag time, swelling index and total buoyancy period. The mechanism of drug release from the matrixes was assumed by fitting the release profile with different mathematical equations. Formulation F-5 and F-10 were found to release the drug at most sustaining manner and also had the longest total floating time.

Gastro-retentivebuoyancycompatibilityswelling index and kinetics.

146,189 views

43,789 downloads

Contributors:

Md. Abdullah Al masum

Florida Sharmin

Md. Mofazzal Hossain

Tasnim Sharmin

Rezaur Bin Islam

Volume 16, Issue 1Current

2026 • 6 articles

Volume 15, Issue 6

2025 • 17 articles

Volume 15, Issue 5

2025 • 15 articles

Volume 15, Issue 4

2025 • 10 articles

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Editorial: June 2014 Issue 3

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