phytochemical analysis

The present study was to evaluate preliminary photochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaves, fruit and stem extracts of Croton macrostachyus Hochst. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) by using different solvents like bdenzene, methanol, carbon tetra chloride and hexane. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, aminoacids and proteins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenoids. The leaves and fruits extracts were further investigated for its potential antioxidant activity by using readical scavenging DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) technique. Reducing power of C. macrostachyus extracts were also screened and ascorbic acid was used as standard. Methanol extract of leaves and benzene and methanol extracts of fruits were exhibited a noteworthy DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to standard. The results were concluded that extracts have a more secondary metabolites and potential source of antioxidants, which is warranty to evaluate further in vivo pharmacological studies.

The aim of the work is to produce microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from sugarcane bagasse (Saccarhum officinarum) and to characterise the MCC and compare with Avicel®. MCC was produced from α-cellulose produced by alkaline hydrolysis from sugarcane bagasse and bleached with sodium hypochlorite. The MCC were identified by BP (2009) method and characterised in terms of pH, moisture and ash content respectively. The physico-technical properties of MCC were studied including the particle size and flowability and compared with that of Avicel®. Also, the phytochemical properties of MCC were studied. The results of the phytochemical analysis of MCC from bagasse showed the presence of alkaloid in low concentration while, carbohydrates and glycosides were seen in very large concentrations, while flavonoids, saponin, tannin, resins, steroids, terpenoids, reducing sugars, proteins, fats and oil and acidic compounds were absent. MCC produced had a pH of 7 and moisture content of 7 % and exhibited mean particle diameter of 200.00 ± 0.05 µm. The results of the true density of the MCC showed that the differences in density between the MCC from bagasse and Avicel® were not significant (p < 0.05). The results of angle of repose, Carr’s index and Hausner’s quotient showed that the MCC from bagasse and Avicel® exhibited poor flow which could be improved by use of glidants. Therefore, MCC from bagasse could be used as diluents-binder in direct compression tableting and as diluents and or disintegrant in wet granulation tableting.

This study was performed to evaluate the presence of Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Eria pseudoclavicaulis Blatt. (Orchidaceae) leaf extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract shown the maximum phytochemical constituents followed by ethanol and water. Different extracts of Eria pseudoclavicaulis were tested for antimicrobial activity of this, ethyl acetate extract shown the maximum antibacterial activity against five microorganisms. The water extract possess strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50 318 μg/ml), This research findings suggest that Eria pseudoclavicaulis exhibits potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Key words: phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, antioxidant, Eria pseudoclavicaulis