penetration enhancer

Primaquine phosphate, 8-[(4-amino-1-methyl butyl)amino]-6-metoxyquinoline phosphate, a synthetic compound with potent antimalarial activity and clinical use for treatment of relapses of Plasmodium vivax infections. The drug is usually oral administered for 7-14 consecutive days to achieve radical cure and is known to produce adverse side-effect including gastrointestinal distress, nausea and methaemoglobinemia with cyanosis.  In transdermal drug delivery system provide benefits over the oral administration. It is an alternative drug delivery system, in recent years, high patient acceptance in many clinical conditions and the advantages of delivering drugs across the skin for systemic circulation.  Fabrication and Evaluation of matrix type Transdermal Patches of Primaquine Phosphate with different ratio of eudragit-L100 and S-100 combination by the solvent evaporation technique. All the patches have been evaluated for their Physiochemical properties was studied by infrared Spectroscopy. Formulation F1 was found best among the all formulation. Hence F1 formulation was used to incorporate penetration enhancer labrafac™ PD, labrefil® 1944CS and lauroglucol™ FCC. By using this three penetration enhancer nine formulation L1 to L9 was fabricated to increasing volume of 0.5ml, 1.0ml, 1.5 ml. All the formulation was tested for thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, surface pH, moisture content and %drug content. L6 was showing maximum drug content and folding endurance. The in-vitro release study was carried out with Shimadzu HPLC system. L6 formulation showed the best release.

The most common skin disease, acne vulgaris is inflammatory in nature and is caused by bacteria P. acne and S.epidermidis. The present study was carried out to formulate separately the topical anti acne formulations of coriander aqueous extract and its oil using carbopol as gelling agent and to compare them with marketed formulation. The developed formulations were compared for antimicrobial studies, viscosity and spreadibility, kinetics of release, in-vitro diffusion and permeation. The antibacterial study was conducted by well diffusion method. The permeation of the developed formulations was more than that of marketed one. The marketed formulation was found to be less effective than the coriander formulation.

Acne is a disease appearing simple but chronic in nature with multiple causative factors like bacteria, inflammation, hormones etc. The present study was conducted to formulate and evaluate the topical anti acne formulation of coriander aqueous extract. The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract against Propionibacterium acne (P. acne) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(S. epidermidis)  was investigated using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. The results showed that coriander aqueous extract showed the MIC values of 1.7 mg/ml and 2.1 mg/ml against P.acne and S. epidermidis respectively. The zone of inhibition exhibited by the aqueous extract was 21.5±1.4mm and 20.6±1.09mm against P.acne and S. epidermidis respectively. The topical formulations were developed using menthol as the penetration enhancer and tested for physical parameters, drug content uniformity, spreadibility, extrudability and in-vitro diffusion. It was reveled from the results that all the formulations showed the increased zone of inhibition for both of the bacteria. The formulations with the addition of penetration enhancer showed the increased drug content as well as the invitro release which increased with increase in the concentration of menthol. The formulation Fa11 showed the drug content (97.9%), in-vitro- diffusion (96.8%) and maximum stability among all the formulations. The optimized formulation showed the thixotropic behavior and first order release rate.

Acne is a disease appearing simple but chronic in nature with multiple causative factors like bacteria, inflammation, harmones etc. The present study was conducted to formulate and evaluate the topical anti acne formulation of coriander aqueous extract. The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract against Propionibacterium acne (P. acne) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(S. epidermidis)  was investigated using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. The results showed that coriander aqueous extract showed the MIC values of 1.7 mg/ml and 2.1 mg/ml against P.acne and S. epidermidis respectively. The zone of inhibition exhibited by the aqueous extract was 21.5±1.4mm and 20.6±1.09mm against P. acne and S. epidermidis respectively. The topical formulations were developed using menthol as the penetration enhancer and tested for physical parameters, drug content uniformity, spreadibility, extrudability and in-vitro diffusion. It was reveled from the results that all the formulations showed the increased zone of inhibition for both of the bacteria. The formulations with the addition of penetration enhancer showed the increased drug content as well as the invitro release which increased with increase in the concentration of menthol. The formulation Fa11 showed the drug content (97.9%), invitro- diffusion (96.8%) and maximum stability among all the formulations.

Acne is an inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of skin. The present study was conducted to formulate and evaluate the topical anti acne formulation of coriander oil with penetration enhancer. The antibacterial activity of Coriander oil against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. The topical formulations were developed using menthol as the penetration enhancer and tested for physical parameters, drug content uniformity, spreadibility, extrudability and in-vitro diffusion. The results showed that coriander oil showed the MIC values of 1%v/v and 1.1%v/v against P.acne and S. epidermidis respectively. It was reveled from the results that all the formulations showed the increased zone of inhibition for both of the bacteria. The formulations with the addition of penetration enhancer showed the increased drug content as well as the invitro release which increased with increase in the concentration of menthol. The formulation  Fo11 showed the drug content (98.9%), invitro- diffusion (98.2%) and maximum stability among all the formulations. So it is the potent formulation to be further developed for treatment of acne.