chemical constituents

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of fruit shape and location on the chemical constituents (Sugars, saponins, protein, oil and moisture content) of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. fruit. Balanites aegyptiaca mature healthy fruits, were collected from Jhunjhanu Province in Rajsthan, and Ambala Province in Punjab, in the period (2003-2005). The percentages of the fruit different parts were determined and chemical and statistical analysis (SAS) methods were carried out to obtain the percentages of sugar, saponin, protein, oil and moisture contents in the Balanites’ fruit as well as to detect the significant variation between shapes and locations. The study found that, there were significant differences (P> 0.05), between the four fruit shapes (oblong, elongate, spherical and oval fruits) in the studied chemical constituents across and within sites and between locations. The highest saponin content (4%) was obtained by oblong fruits while the highest invert sugar (40.9%) and oil content (44.9%) were obtained by oval fruits. Saponin average percentage obtained in Ambala location was double that obtained in Jhunjhanu; the higher sugar percentage was obtained in Jhunjhanu location. Protein content was found to be of higher content than that reported in the literature; it ranged between 49.6 (oval fruit) and 53.8% (oblong fruit). Moisture content was not significantly different between shapes and locations of a mean 9.3%. The study concluded with that, the amounts of sugar, saponin, oil and protein, in Balanites fruit; were found in considerable percentages calling to introduce Balanites different types to the food, pharmaceutical and medicinal industries.

A total of five compounds eicosanyl-trans-p-coumarate (1), stigmasterol(2), β-sitosterol (3), β-amyrin(4), 6-hydroxy stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (5) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Ipomoea pescaprae(L.) R.Br.(Family:Convolvulaceae). The petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride; chloroform and aqueous soluble Kupchan fractions of crude methanol extract were studied for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Among the different fractions tested for antioxidant activity, the aqueous soluble partitionate was the most potent with IC50 value of 7.50μg/ml as compared to tertbutyl-1-hydroxytoluene (IC50=20.96μg/ml). Antimicrobial screening of the different extractives was conducted by the disc diffusion method and the crude methanol extract as well as aqueous soluble fractions exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 10-12 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the aqueous soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 1.01μg/ml. Compounds eicosanyl-trans-p-coumarate, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, 6-hydroxy stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one are the first report of isolation of compounds from Ipomoea pescaprae. Key words: Ipomoea pescaprae, chemical constituents, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity.

Mixture of three compounds lupeol acetate (1), alpha amyrin acetate(2) and beta amyrin acetate(3) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Artocarpus lackoocha Roxb.(Family: Moraceae).The crude methanol extract as well as its petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride; chloroform and aqueous soluble Kupchan fractions were studied for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Among the different fractions tested for antioxidant activity, the aqueous soluble partitionate was the most potent with IC50 value of 3.47μg/ml as compared to tertbutyl-1-hydroxytoluene (IC50=27.54μg/ml). Antimicrobial screening of the different extractives was conducted by the disc diffusion method and the crude methanol extract as well as aqueous soluble fractions exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 7-12 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the aqueous soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 1.6μg/ml. β-amyrin acetate is the first report of isolation of compounds from Artocarpus lackoocha.