Pharmacognostical

Triphala is an important Ayurvedic formulation containing, Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz),Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellarica Roxb),Amalaki (Emblica officinalis L.) as a ingredients. All the constituents are available and prepared according to the reference present in Yoga Ratnakara Madhyama Khanda. Triphala (Haritaki, Vibhitaki and Amalaki) classified as an important medicine of the Rasayana and Cakshusya group which is mainly indicated in Prameha, Sthoulya and Kustha and also it is believed to promote health, immunity and longevity. Though they are individually very potent drug and have their own specific mode of action on different disease conditions. Triphala the sense of its Rasa, Vipaka and to some extent its Prabhava is similar to its three contents but its Virya, Doshagnata and Guna are not exactly similar to the composing three drugs. This is due to Samyoga Samskara by which the clinical efficacy of particular drug changes several methods are adopted to prepare Triphala some uses equal proportions (1:1:1) some in different proportions (1:2:4). Till date there is only one scientific work has been carried out and less publication of 1:2:4 combination forms of Triphala. In the present study the Yavakuta formulation of Triphala was subjected to Pharmacognostical (microscopic), HPTLC, and pharmaceutical (evaluation of various physiochemical parameters) evaluation in order to prepare a preliminary profile of the formulation. The sample was subjected for various phytochemical parameters like water soluble extractive (55.8%w/w), alcohol soluble extractive (42.2% w/w), ash value (0.89% w/w), loss on drying (11.39% w/w), and the pH (5.0), HPTLC. The HPTLC, solvent system was Toluene:ethyl acetate (9:1), showed the presence of 5 spots at 254 nm and 2 spots at 366 nm. Thus the physiochemical and microscopic characters achieved may provide guidelines for standardization of formulation, Triphala Yavakuta combine formulation (1:2:4).

In the era of increasing demand for indigenous medicines, maintaining quality standards is the need of the hour. Standardisation of compound formulations is lagging behind because of absence of reference standards. Manjishthadi Ghanavati is an important Ayurvedic formulation containing Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia Linn.), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica Roxb.), Katuki (Picrohriza kurroa Royle. ex Benth), Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.), Daruharidra (Barberis aristata DC) Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Willd.) and Nimba (Azadirechta indica A Juss.). All the constituents are available and prepared according to the reference present in Sharangadhara Samhita Madhyama Khanda Chapter 2/136. Hence the present study was undertaken to standardize the compound Ayurvedic formulation through Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical evaluation. The sample was subjected for various phytochemical parameters like water soluble extractive (49.72%w/w), alcohol soluble extractive (41.28 % w/w), ash value (10 % w/w), loss on drying (10.85 % w/w), the pH (6.0), Hardness(4 kg/cm2) and Disintegration time (32 min.). The HPTLC, solvent system was Toluene: ethyl acetate (9:1), showed the presence of 7 spots at 254nm and 2 spots at 366nm. Thus, the physiochemical and microscopic characters achieved may provide guidelines for standardization of formulation Manjishthadi Ghanavati.

Gutika Anjana is an important Ayurvedic formulation containing Gairika (Ochre), Saindhava (Sodii chloridum), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.) and Shunthi (Zingiber officinale  Roxb.) as main ingredient. All the constituents are available and prepared according to the reference present in Sushruta Samhita Uttaratantra Vataabhishyanda Pratishedha. Till date no work has been carried out to standardize the formulation. Hence the present study was undertaken to standardize the compound Ayurvedic formulation through Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical evaluation. The sample was subjected for various Phytochemical parameters like water soluble extractive (32.8%w/w), alcohol soluble extractive (32.3% w/w), ash value (8.4% w/w), loss on drying (14.25% w/w), the pH (6), HPTLC. The HPTLC, solvent system was Toluene:ethyl acetate (9:1), showed the presence of 11 spots at 254nm and 13 spots at 366nm. Thus the physiochemical and microscopic characters achieved may provide guidelines for standardization of formulation, Gutika Anjana.  

Establishment of pharmacognostic profile of the flowers of Tecoma stans will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification. Evaluation of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of Tecoma stans flowers were carried out to determine macromorphological, micromorphological, physiochemical and phytochemical profiles. Pharmacognostical studies involve the anatomical sections and powder analysis of flower, physiochemical studies such as loss on drying, extractive values, ash values etc. were done. In phytochemical studies the flowers are extracted with different solvents and qualitative chemical tests for each extracts were performed only alkaloids are isolated and characterized in the other parts of this plant. From phytochemical screening of flower parts we can find out various other secondary metabolites and also characterization.

Kalanchoe pinnata (Family: Crassulaceae) is an important plant which has many traditional medicinal uses. The main objective of this literature review was to give advance information for the drug discovery research for K. pinnata. It was found that this plant showed various pharmacological activities such as anthelmentic, immunosuppressive, wound healing, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, analgesic, anticonvulsant, neuropharmacological and antipyretic. Anthelmentic activity was found due to the presence of tannins of the extract of K. pinnata and steroid glycosides such as bufadienolide showed wound healing activity. It was also found that the different flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids and other chemical constituents of the plant were responsible for the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic properties. Quercetin had a marked protective effect on cadmiuminduced nephrotoxicity and possessed potent oral efficacy against cutaneous leishmaniasis. The two new novel flavonoids such as 5Methyl 4, 5, 7 trihydroxyl flavone and 4, 3, 5, 7 tetrahydroxy 5-methyl 5 Ipropenamine anthocyanidines could be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of K. pinnata. Five bufadienolides (1-5) isolated from the leaves of K. pinnata were potential cancer chemopreventive agents. Quercitrin, a flavonoid, is a critical component of K. pinnata extract against an extreme allergic reaction. This literature review gave the evidence based information regarding the pharmacognostical, phytoconstituents and pharmacological activity of the medicinal plant, K. pinnata which could help researchers for more advanced qualitative research.