Chronopharmacokinetics

Chronobiology is the science deals with the biological mechanism of the diseases according to a time structure. The variations in the pharmacological actions of various drugs over a period of time. Putting this all together, chronotherapeutics considering the timing of drug delivery according to inherent activities of a disease over a certain period of time. With the advancement in the field of chronobiology, modern drug delivery approaches have been elevated to a new concept of chronopharmacology, that is the ability to deliver the drugs on a specific preprogrammed pattern i.e. at appropriate time and at appropriate site of action. chronopharmaceutical technology advantageous to the application range, the ease of manufacturing, the cost effectiveness and the flexibility in the pharmacokinetic profile. It also provide perfect therapy by targeting to the specific site at most appropriate time. The mechanisms are associated with the 24- hour rhythms of biochemical and physiological behavioral processes under the control of the circadian clock. Research in chronobiology described the importance of biological rhythms in drug delivery that timing of drug delivery has significant effect on treatment success. So this can be concluded that chronomodulated drug delivery system provides a solution for delivery of drugs for those disease conditions regulated by circadian rhythm.  present article gives an overview of various types of chronomodulated drug delivery systems and also tries to highlights some of the recent advances being done in chronopharmaceutical drug delivery system.

In order to design proper protocol for drug administration is consideration of circadian rhythm in drug pharmacokinetics. Several studies have concluded that all organisms including humans are highly organized by circadian rhythms. These changes in cycles will influence on physiological function thus, can influence on pharmacokinetics phases. Drug pharmacokinetic parameters can be changed according to the time of administration. The main objective of the chronopharmacokinetic study is to control the time of administration which among others can be responsible for variations of drug kinetics but also chronopharmacological effects observed with certain drugs. This article gives brief information regarding the changes of pharmacokinetics of the drug due to circadian rhythms.