Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the commonest cause of dementia. The currently available therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease only act to lower its symptoms. Therefore, the nanotechnology is advancing molecular detection, drug discovery, delivery and monitoring for a number of ever challenging human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, we present the role of nanotechnology in the development and improvement of techniques for early diagnosis and effective treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The nano diagnostic methods reported and compared in this paper include both of in vitro and in vivo approaches. The nano treatment methods for AD are numerous. They are categorized in this report under neuroprotective methods and nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. Considering that the AD is a multi-factorial disease with several pathogenetic mechanisms and pathways, a multifunctional nanotechnology approach will be needed to target its main molecular culprits.

Nanotechnology can be defined as the manipulation, precision-placement, modeling and manufacture of material at the nanometer scale. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of nanotechnology in the treatment of the major health threats including cancer, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammations. Indeed, during the past 37 years, the explosive growth of nanotechnology has burst into challenging innovations in pharmacology. Although the introduction of nanotechnology obviously permitted to step over numerous milestones toward the development of the magic bullet proposed a century ago by the immunologist Paul Ehrlich. Cancer cells have unique properties that can be exploited by nanoparticles. They can be used very effectively for drug delivery. Normally, drugs work through the entire body before they reach the disease-affected area. Using nanotechnology, the drug can be targeted to a precise location which would make the drug much more effective and reduce the chances of possible side-effects. A great advantage of using nanotechnology for drug delivery is that the amount and time of drug release can be easily controlled by predetermination of nanoparticle. Nanotechnology is still in its early stages. The applications discussed in this review have already been developed and are already helping patients all over the world. Keywords- Nanoparticle, Cancer, Alzheimer's disease, TDDS

  The present study, a series of clubbed triazole generated by microwave organic reaction enhancement (MORE) method and examine for their cyclin dependent kinase-5 (cdk5) inhibitors, potentially useful for treatment of Alzheimer disease. Evaluation of the structure active relationship (SAR) of substitution with-in these series has allowed the identification of a range of compounds which significantly reduce brain cdk5/p25 by scintillation proximate assay method. The cdk5/p25 inhibitor data of the tested compounds indicated that 3E, 4E, 6E, 8E and 8I showed better activity out of which 8E and 8I shows equally selective versus cdk2. Key words: Cyclohexyl thiophene, triazole, cdk5/p25, Alzheimer's disease, MORE.