-cyclodextrin

Cyclodextrin nanosponges are solid, porous, bio-compatible, nano-particulate three dimensional structures which form inclusion complexes with different types of lipophilic or hydrophilic drug molecules and have been used as drug carrier for different drugs. In this present work, new cyclodextrin-based nanosponges of atorvastatin were prepared by condensation polymerization and interfacial polymerization to release Atorvastatin in expected manner in the treatment of dyslipidaemia as novel carriers. Results of encapsulation efficiencies of all formulation trials revealed that condensation polymerization is the best method for nanosponges formation and that is considered as best selected method for preparation. For the selected condensation polymerization, encapsulation efficiencies of atorvastatin in nanosponge formulations were found to be 72 to 86%. SEM images revealed their porous nature and cavity was of β-cyclodextrin. The mean particle size of nanosponges was about 328 nm and Zeta potentials of the nanosponges were sufficient enough (-10 to -15mv) due to presence of carboxylic group and inclusion complex formation which assured stability of formulations. The results of FTIR and DSC confirmed that atorvastatin was compatible with β-cyclodextrin and completely encapsulated in nanosponges structure respectively. The selected formulation produces good dissolution profile (release more than 75% atorvastatin within 60 mins in 0.1 N HCL) which indicated that the solubility of atorvastatin was improved by forming nanosponges. In accelerated stability studies, no significant changes occurred in physical appearance and drug content of atorvastatin nanopsonges formulation during 3 months stability studies. Atorvastatin nanosponges confirmed by insolubility in water and organic solvents like dimethyl formamide, dichloromethane.

Sublingual administration of the drug is known as placement of the drug under the tongue and drug reaches directly in to the blood stream. The concept of formulating sublingual tablets of Prochlorperazine maleate offers suitable and practical approach in serving the desired objective of faster disintegration and dissolution characteristic. Bitter taste of Prochlorperazine maleate was masked by inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin and then sublingual tablets were prepared using various natural superdisintegrants such as hibiscus-rosa and fenugreek and synthetic superdisintegrants like Indion 414 and kyron T-314 in different concentrations by direct compression method. Prepared tablets were subjected to different evaluation parameters such as hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, in-vitro disintegration time, water absorption ratio, wetting time, in vitro dissolution studies and stability studies are carried out by using best formulation. Overall, formulation F3 (10 mg of Indion 414) and F9 (10 mg of Hibiscus-rosa) based on disintegration time, wetting time and drug release were found to be an excellent formulations. Hence It was found that there was no significant difference between F3 and F9, which shows that natural superdisintegrants (10 mg of Hibiscus rosa) is as good as synthetic superdisintegrants (10 mg of Indion 414). Hence it proves that synthetic disintegrant can be replaced by natural disintegrants due to easy availability and compatibility.

Lornoxicam is comparatively a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is selective cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX 1 and 2) inhibitors. Lornoxicam is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that exhibits its anti inflammatory, analgesic and anti pyretic activities in animal models and it is presently available in the market only as tablet dosage form. It is preferred in the treatment of adults with osteoarthritis, acute pain rheumatoid arthritis, postoperative dental pain and primary dysmenorrhoea. The present study was undertaken with an intention to develop a stable and effective parenteral formulation, containing the drug Lornoxicam. Lornoxicam is a light sensitive and insoluble water soluble drug but unstable at higher temperature in water. So the effects of various co solvents in the solubility of  Lornoxicam have been evaluated. Lornoxicam was tried with co solvents such as PEG-400, β-cyclodextrin and Sodium Lauryl sulphate. The drug was made into injection formulation for administered as a SVP. Various batches of Lornoxicam injection formulation were prepared in order to assess the influence of heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and antioxidant on the stability of the drug and the formulations were also subjected to accelerated stability test. Out of all trials, formulation containing Sodium Lauryl sulphate was found to be more soluble, stable and passed all tests satisfactorily.

Over the years, inclusion complexation of drugs with β-cyclodextrin has emerged as a viable attempt to improve the dissolution of water insoluble drugs. The aim of the present work was to improve the dissolution rate of Glimepiride, by inclusion complexation with β-cyclodextrin. The stoichiometric ratio determined by phase solubility analysis for inclusion complexation of glimepiride with β-cyclodextrin was 1:1, 1:2, & 1:5. The solubility of glimepiride increased with increasing amount of β-cyclodextrin in water. Complexes of glimepiride were prepared with β-cyclodextrin by kneading method and physical mixture. The complexes were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. These studies indicated the inclusion of glimepiride in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. The complexation resulted in a marked improvement in the solubility of glimepiride. An optimum increase in the dissolution rate of the drug was observed at a drug-polymer concentration of 1:5 concentrations. Mean dissolution time of glimepiride decreased significantly after preparation of complexes of glimepiride with β-cyclodextrin.