V.Satyanarayana

Asthma is a complex, chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and airway hyper-responsiveness. Inflammation has a central role in pathophysiology of asthma. Airway inflammation involves an interaction of many cell types and multiple mediators with the airways that eventually results in the characteristic pathophysiological features of the disease. Patients typically present with intermittent symptoms of cough, wheeze, dyspnea, and/or chest discomfort. Asthma is often associated with a history of atopy, and this association in asymptomatic patient is one of the most strongest predictors of asthma.

Probiotics means ‘let good microbes work for you in different fields get their benefits and take a rest’. The human gut harbours a complex community of bacteria whose relationship with their host is normally mutually beneficial. Recent studies suggest a disturbance of this relationship in GI diseases and the potential to correct this by using probiotics. Many authors have described the history and the progress of probiotics and their different applications. In this review, we will focus mainly on three points, health improvement, infection control and disease management, which could be eliminated by the use of different types of direct uses of probiotics.

Cardiovascular diseases(CVD) account for nearly one third of all deaths world wide. Consequently the prevention of risk factors for CVD is public health priority in recent times. The available rehabilitation and preventive measures include lifestyle  modification, treatment with drug and intervention procedures. The appropriate application of risk assessment should result in a better quality of life for people with cardiovascular diseases and improve cost effectiveness of healthcare. The success of these measures depends laregely on the skills of patients in the daily management of their condition. The present study reveals that risk assessment can answer many questions in best therapeutic outcomes.

Biomarkers provide a dynamic and powerful approach to understand the spectrum of various diseases with applications in observational and analytic epidemiology, randomised clinical trials, screening and diagnosis and prognosis. In the recent years knowledge about biomarkers has increased tremendously providing great opportunities for improving the management of patients by enhancing the efficacy of detection and efficacy of treatment. This review provides a brief account on various biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic purposes, which include markers already in clinical practice as well as various upcoming biomarkers.

Over the last decade, diabetes mellitus has emerged as an important clinical and public health problem throughout the world. The aim of the study is   perceive the Potentiality of a newer oral Antihyperglycemic combination therapy over conventional therapy in type 2 diabetes. The prospective study was conducted over a period of six months in the department of Medicine, Guntur City Hospital. The prevalence of type2 diabetes was high in male 65.79 % than female 34.21%. Majority of the patients  (23.68 %) belonged to age group of 51–55 years. Majority of patients (55.26%) having a family history of Diabetes. Majority of patients receiving Combination of Glibenclamide + Metformin (60.53%), evaluated for effect on FPG for both combinations. The mean changes in FPG were noted. In the same way effect on HbA1c also noted. Mean changes in for every month HbA1c will be noted. Our study reveals that Combination therapy with Metformin plus Glimepiride is more effective than Glibenclamide plus Metformin; in improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, while also allowing a reduction of the dosage of each drug.

A simple, accurate and stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Torsemide and Spironolactone in combined dosage form. Isocratic RP-HPLC separation was achieved on Kromasil RP- C18 column (250mm×4.6mm; 5µm) using methanol: acetonitrile: water in the ratio of 50:30:20 (v/v), pH6.8, at flow rate of1.0ml/min at ambient temperature. Quantization was achieved by UV detection at 235nm over the concentration range of 10-60μg/ml for torsemide and 25-150μg/ml for spironolactone with percentage recoveries of range 99.688-101.792 and 98.282-101.811for torsemide and spironolactone respectively. Different stress degradation studies like acidic, alkaline, peroxide, thermal etc were measured for both standard drugs and results found that the stress degradation conditions doesn’t affect the elution of the both the drugs and hence the developed method was found to be stability indicating method.

An accurate, simple and precise RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation sulfadiazine and trimethoprim in pharmaceutical formulations was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation of two drugs was achieved on PEAK 7000 isocratic HPLC with rheodyne manual sample injector by using the mobile phase consisting of methanol, water and aceticacid in the ratio 70:25:05 (v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1mL/min and the wavelength of detection was at 237 nm. The retention time for sulfadiazine and trimethoprim were found to be 4.24 and 7.25 min respectively. The linearity of the method was tested over a concentration range of 41-287 µg/mL for sulfadiazine and 9-63 µg/mL for trimethoprim and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 for sulfadiazine and 0.998 for trimethoprim which is almost equal to 1. The limit of quantification was 3.5 μg/mL for sulfadiazine and 1 μg/mL for trimethoprim and the limit of detection was 1 μg/mL for sulfadiazine and 0.3 μg/mL for trimethoprim. The percentage recoveries were ranged from 98.64-101.64 for sulfadiazine and 98.56-100.86 for trimethoprim.

An isocratic, reversed phase-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Ofloxacin and Ketorolac Tromethamine in combined-dosage form. A thermo hypersil BDS C18 (250mmx4.6mm, particle size 5µm) column with mobile phase containing water (pH - 2.8 adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid) and methanol in the ratio of 60: 40, v/v was used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, column temperature was 30°C and effluents were monitored at 241 nm. The retention times of ofloxacin and ketorolac tromethamine were 4.671min and 5.751 min respectively. The correlation co-efficient values for both the ofloxacin and Ketorolac tromethamine were found to be 1. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness. Recovery of ofloxacin and Ketorolac tromethamine in formulations was found to be 100% confirms the non-interferences of the excipients in the formulation. Due to its simplicity, rapidness and high precision, the method can be successfully applied to the estimation of Ofloxacin and Ketorolac tromethamine in combined dosage form.