Sanjay Singh

Immunomodulators are natural or synthetic substances that help in regulation or normalize or modify the immunity of an individual to favor a particular immunological response. Immunomodulator corrects immune systems that are out of balance. Natural immunomodulators are less potent than prescription immunomodulators. Synthetic immunomodulators medications, work by suppressing immune system and decreasing inflammation in the digestive tract in people with inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis etc. The benefits of immunomodulators are from their ability to stimulate natural and adaptive defense mechanisms, such as cytokines, which enables the body to help itself. Two types of immunomodulators: Immunosuppressants; agents which suppress immune system and used for the control of pathological immune response in autoimmune disease and Immunostimulants; agents which used to enhance body's resistance against infections. A large number of disorders such as immunodeficiency state, autoimmune disease, cancer and viral infection can be treated with immunostimulants drugs.

Nanotechnology can be defined as the manipulation, precision-placement, modeling and manufacture of material at the nanometer scale. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of nanotechnology in the treatment of the major health threats including cancer, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammations. Indeed, during the past 37 years, the explosive growth of nanotechnology has burst into challenging innovations in pharmacology. Although the introduction of nanotechnology obviously permitted to step over numerous milestones toward the development of the magic bullet proposed a century ago by the immunologist Paul Ehrlich. Cancer cells have unique properties that can be exploited by nanoparticles. They can be used very effectively for drug delivery. Normally, drugs work through the entire body before they reach the disease-affected area. Using nanotechnology, the drug can be targeted to a precise location which would make the drug much more effective and reduce the chances of possible side-effects. A great advantage of using nanotechnology for drug delivery is that the amount and time of drug release can be easily controlled by predetermination of nanoparticle. Nanotechnology is still in its early stages. The applications discussed in this review have already been developed and are already helping patients all over the world. Keywords- Nanoparticle, Cancer, Alzheimer's disease, TDDS