Rani Samyuktha

Epilepsy is a disorder that is best viewed as symptoms of disturbed electrical activity in the brain, which may be caused by a wide variety of etiologies. It is a collection of many different types of seizures that vary widely in severity appearance, cause, consequence an management. The present study was done to evaluate, which drug is more effective than the other AED, used in tertiary care hospital. We studied and analyzed the pattern usage of AED in tertiary care hospital.  And evaluated the incidence of side effects of these drugs on the subjects in the study, studied the compliance to various recommendations/protocols for usage of AED in neurology intensive care unit, and also compared the commonest and least common anti epilepsy drugs in neurology care unit. Commonest drugs use in TBI, CVA, SAH, average age of patients having seizures. The required information was collected from the case sheets of individual patients in the designed data collection form. Patient details were collected through self designed, by patient interview, by prescriptions or by medication charts. The efficacy study conducted and was evaluated according to the declaration of ”HELNSIKI” (as embedded 1996) an by the incidence of adverse event reported by the patients.

Hyponatremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which the sodium ion concentration in the serum is lower than normal. Sodium is the dominant extracellular cation (positive ion) and cannot freely cross from the interstitial space through the cell membrane, into the cell. Its homeostasis (stability of concentration) inside the cell is vital to the normal function of any cell. Normal serum sodium levels are between 135 and 145 mEq/L. Hyponatremia is defined as a serum level of less than 135 mEq/L and is considered severe when the serum level is below 125 mEq/L. In the vast majority of cases, Hyponatremia occurs as a result of excess body water diluting the serum sodium (salt level in the blood).Hyponatremia is often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water accumulates in the body at a higher rate than can be excreted (for example in congestive heart failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, SIADH, or polydipsia). Sometimes it may be a result of over hydration (drinking too much water).Lack of sodium (salt) is very rarely the cause of Hyponatremia, although it can promote Hyponatremia indirectly. In particular, sodium loss can lead to a state of  volume depletion (loss of blood volume in the body), with volume depletion serving as a signal for the release of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone). As a result of ADH-stimulated water retention (too much water in the body), blood sodium becomes diluted and Hyponatremia results.