Rajesh Kumar

Chitosan-g-AMPS was synthesized using free radical initiators and characterized by FTIR, PXRD, SEM and TGA analysis. The 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulphonic acid (AMPS) concentration has been optimized from 3.5 x 10-2  to 19.5 x 10-2 mol dm-3 to get maximum grafting of AMPS monomer onto chitosan. The FTIR spectral analysis proves the successful grafting and the PXRD spectra reveals the increase in crystallinity due to grafting of AMPS. SEM images exposed that smooth form of chitosan was changed into porous and fluffy structure after grafting. The cumulative drug diclofenac sodium release was studied in colonic medium. Delivery of drug was 13% and 55% during 4 h of assay in gastro-enteric and colonic system respectively and chitosan was dissolved about 53% and 65% in gastro-enteric and colonic system, respectively. The drug release behavior depends on the pH of medium as well as on the nature of beads, and AMPS grafted chitosan shows slow release of diclofenac sodium.

The aim of present investigation was to develop a simple UV-visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of Ibuprofen (IBF) in its pure form and marketed formulations and to validate the developed method. Ibuprofen was estimated at UV maxima of 222.8 nm in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer using UV-Visible double beam spectrophotometer. Following the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), the analytical parameters like linearity, precision, and accuracy were studied. The obtained results of analysis were validated statistically and by performing recovery studies to confirm the accuracy of the proposed method. In the developed method, linearity over the concentration range of 2-20 µg/ml of IBF was observed and was found in agreement of Beer’s law. The linear regression was found to be 0.999. The precision (intra-day & inter-day) of method was found within limits (RSD < 2%). The sensitivity of the method was assessed by determining limit of detection and limit of quantification. It could be concluded from the results obtained that the method for estimation of IBF in pure form and in marketed tablets is simple, rapid, accurate, precise and economical and can be used, successfully, in the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and routine laboratory analysis.

The purpose of present work was for formulation and characterization of Clopidrogrel floating tablets to improve bioavailability and to minimize the side effects of the drug. FTIR studies were conducted for drug polymer compatibility. The Clopidrogrel sustained release floating tablets were formulated by wet granulation method.  Tablets were subjected to pre and post compressional evaluation studies. The different concentrations of HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, xanthan gum, guargum, and sodium bi carbonate 25% w/w is used as gas generating agent and micro cellulose crystalline MCC are used in different concentrations (75%, 50%, 25%) as diluent. The tablets were tested for thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content; In vitro floating parameters and drug release studies were also conducted. Compatibility studies revealed that there is no interaction between drug and polymers in the formulations. The flow properties were within the limits and the granular bed exhibited uniform flow and ease for compression. Clopidogrel floating tablets showed uniform post compressional properties with minimum standard deviation. The formulations showed minimum floating lag time and prolonged duration of floating. In vitro drug release of clopidogrel was sustained up to 12 h. Clopidrogrel release followed zero order, first order, Higuchi drug release kinetics for drug release. The peppas diffusion coefficient ranged from 0.455 - 0.895 indicating drug release by non fickian diffusion followed by erosion. The F4 floating tablet was optimized formulation which showed 100% release sustained for 12 h. The stability studies indicated stability of drug in the optimized formulation against temperature and humidity.

Tuberculosis is one of the main public health problems worldwide. Nearly one-third of the global population, i.e. two billion people, are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and accordingly at risk of developing the disease. More than nine million people develop active TB every year and about two million die. More than 90% of global TB cases and deaths occur in the developing world, where 75% of cases are in the most economically productive age group (15-54 years). At every outpatient clinic, hospitals and health amenities, together in the public and private sectors, all patients have to to be thoroughly screened for cough by health officers manning the health facilities. In addition, within medical colleges and hospitals, in-patients also need to be screened for detection of TB suspects. People with cough for 2 weeks, or more, with or without extra symptoms indicative of TB, should be punctually recognized as pulmonary TB suspects and steps taken to question them to sputum smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli, for diagnosis of TB.

The present research work was aimed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Olanzapine using Poloxamer as carrier by preparing solid dispersion. The solid dispersions and physical mixtures prepared was also evaluated  for the drug content and percentage drug yield and characterization of prepared systems is done with the help of in-vitro drug release, FTIR, XRD and DSC analysis. The results obtained showed that the percentage yield and percentage drug content was 98.32% and 99% respectively. It was clear that there was no loss of drug and polymer. The rate of dissolution of the drug in the case of solid dispersions was much enhanced as compared to the pure drug and their physical mixtures. FTIR spectra showed that there was not any interaction or hydrogen bonding between the drug and polymers in solid dispersions as well as physical mixtures. The polymorphic changes were studied with the XRD gave the idea that the solid dispersions were quite amorphous in nature as compared to the pure drug. In the diffraction pattern for solid dispersions, the number of crystalline peaks due to drug had disappeared. DSC showed that there was shifting in melting endotherm of drug in case of solid dispersion. From the XRD and DSC it was confirmed that the increase in the solubility and dissolution rate was due to polymorphic transition of drug from crystalline to amorphous form.

The objective of this research work was to formulate and evaluate the floating drug delivery system containing Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate as a model drug and to optimize its drug release profile. Pantoprazole sodium tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. Formulations contained Xanthan gum, PVP K30 and gas generating agent such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were taken as independent variables. The physical parameters of the tablets were characterized and were found within the limits. By comparing dissolution profiles of different formulations, the formulation F5 was considered as a better formulation. The drug release from all the formulations was found to follow zero order kinetics and Peppas modeling. The diffusion exponent of formulations was found (n

The present study aims at the formulation of a floating drug delivery system of an antiulcer drug nizatidine using different grades of HPMC (K100, K4M, K15M & K100M) and an effervescent agent i.e. sodium bicarbonate. It was found that the release rate of nizatidine from tablet formulations prepared from HPMC K100LV was very high as compared to that from formulations containing higher viscosity grades namely K4M, K15M and K100M. In the current study, it was also found that overall rate of drug release tends to decrease with increase in concentration of HPMC. These observations are in agreement with the results reported in literature i.e. with the increase in polymer concentration and viscosity grade, the viscosity of gel layer around the tablet also increases leading to enhanced diffusional path length for the drug to follow and thus limits the release of active ingredient.