Niraj

Phytoconstituents, in modern time phytosomes are being increase the level of natural remedies. It is recently introduced system to have used as a novel drug delivery. However nowadays it has been developed into the most well-turned and self assembled system to raise the oral bioavailability of phyto-drugs. That generally recognized as phytosomes. Phytoconstituents have a benignant moderation between hydrophilic and lipophilic in nature molecules which is helps in breakdown of gastro-intestinal sap to pass the lipid rich bio-membrane of cells. It can just be achieved as a result of phytosomes technique. But the delivery of herbal drugs is turn into the challenges owing to reduced aqueous dissolubility, poor permeations and foremost metabolite rate. Therefore, phytosome works as linkage for retain the efficiency toward develop the incorporation of numerous well-liked herbal drugs. E.g. - Ginkgo biloba, grape seeds, green tea etc. it can merely be evolved for a variety of remedial use.

The proniosomal approach helps to solve the problem regarding stability and provides higher entrapment efficiency over conventional system. Proniosomal gel is a liquid crystalline- compact niosomal hybrid which is prepared by dissolving surfactant in small amount of suitable solvent and least amount of aqueous phase. This compact gel can be converted to niosomes hydration. Proniosomes can entrap hydrophilic as well as lipophillic drugs. Proniosomal gel offers a versatile vesicle drug delivery concept with potential for drug delivery via transdermal rout. Over the last few years an inclusive research has been done over pro-vesicular approach for transdermal drug delivery. Skin has a very tough diffusion barrier inhibiting penetration of drug moiety which is rate limiting barrier for penetration of drugs. There are several approaches that deal with penetration enhancement across the skin. Vesicular and provesicular systems are promising amongst them. Vesicular systems including (niosomes, ethosomes, transfersomes and liposomes) are promising systems to cross this permeation barrier.

There is a vast interest in the scientific community and drug industry to exploit various mucosal routes of delivering drugs, which are poorly absorbed after oral administration. Human rectum remains to be a relatively unexplored route of drug delivery despite its potential as a non- invasive route of drug administration. The presence of dense network of blood vessels has made the rectum an excellent route of drug delivery for both systemic and local effect. The present investigation was aimed to evaluating the possibility of using different surfactant i.e. Span 60 and 80, Tween 60 and 80 on the release rate of formulation for the development of rectal drug delivery system of paracetamol, an NSAIDs, to minimize the gastric irritation of the drug upon oral administration. Suppositories were formulated by fusion method & evaluated for their physicochemical characterization followed by in vitro evaluation through spectrophotometrically. Suppositories containing PEG 4000 with Tween 80 showed a better permeation of drug with faster dissolution rate in vitro than other formulations. The formulations were designed to overcome the risk of upper gastrointestinal complications such as stomach bleeding, and may cause kidney or liver damage. Suppositories are dosage forms for use in the unavoidable circumstances such as comatose, nauseous or vomiting.

Oral delivery is at this time the gold standard in the drug manufacturing where it is considered as the safest, most convenient and greatest economical method of drug delivery. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “mouth dissolving tablets” (MDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity, and are more appropriately termed fast-disintegrating tablets, as they may take up to a minute to completely disintegrate. Mouth dissolving tablets are solid dosage forms containing drugs that disintegrate in the oral cavity within less than one minute leaving an easy-to-swallow residue. This is seen to affect about 35% of the general population and associated with a number of circumstances like Parkinsonism, mental disability, motion sickness, unconsciousness, unavailability of the water etc. Other groups that may experience problems using conventional oral dosage forms include the mentally ill, the developmentally disabled, and patients who are uncooperative, on reduced liquid-intake plans, or are nauseated. To overcome such difficulties, mouth dissolving tablets have been developed. The aim of this review article is to give an overview on desired characteristics, advantages, preparation techniques and patented technologies of FDTs formulation.

In the present investigation, pH-dependent and controlled drug release polymeric microspheres of Ornidazole were developed to deliver the active molecule to the colonic region. Microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method with some modifications, using different proportions of Ornidazole and Polymers (guar gum and gelatin). Gelatin microspheres were coated with Acrycoat L100 to achieve pH sensitive properties and specific biodegradability for colon targeted delivery of Ornidazole. Microspheres were evaluated for size, morphology, sphericity study, % yield, loose surface crystal study, drug content and entrapment efficiency. In vitro drug release study was conducted by buffer change method to mimic GIT environment using buffer solutions of varying pH. The investigations revealed that microspheres prepared with Ornidazole: guar gum ratio (1:2) shows only 10.003±0.885 % drug was released in first 5 hours and 38.849 ± 0.62 % in 12 hours, which proves the potentiality of guar gum for colonic delivery of drugs. While for microspheres prepared with Ornidazole: gelatin (1:2) and coated with Arycoat L100 shows 16.596 ± 3.18 % drug release in first 5 hours and 45.921 ± 3.07 % in 12 hours. Key Words: colon specific drug delivery, biodegradable polymers, pH-dependent release, In vitro drug release