Mohammed Ali

A study was on the physical concepts ( transmission of sound waves among different parts of the body for medical diagnosis purposes )  , methods of detection two dimensional 2D commonly used  , modern methods as color Doppler ( Duplex ) , in addition new techniques that have developed and used together with the device ,  such as ( contrast medium , catheters using techniques , guidance technique for therapeutic injections and  a sample taking purposes  (Biopsies) . The research included a study of a 50 clinical cases of different parts of the body, ages, gender over two months. After cases discussion showed that the device is useful as initial step and very sensitive tool in the medical clinical field, specifically if the new techniques are applied, in turn increase the benefits of the device, get good clinical results and finally minimize the ionizing radiation exposure of the other devices.

The study of device in terms of composition and physical principles, technical such as the use of one-dimensional ultrasound. The technology currently used is two-dimensional and modern technology, such as taking samples by guidance technique .Then established a statistical comparison between two hospitals in different cities same country, in terms of the number of cases for each month from January to July 2019.Statistics were created then represented on the graph by combining Excel and Word.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is considered as one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy as it has implications on both the mother and the child. It is caused by reduced pancreatic β-cells function as they don’t produce enough insulin to meet the requirements of pregnancy. Internationally, it is recommended to screen all pregnant women by measuring their glucose between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. It can be managed either non-pharmacologically or pharmacologically depending on the severity of hyperglycemia. The present  study was intended to measure the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Oman and to explore the available treatment options in both governmental and private hospitals. Out of 1792 patients who attended the Gynecological department between the study period, a total of 219 patients visited gestational diabetes clinic at Sohar Hospital, Saham Polyclinic and a private hospital. Of the total number of participants from all the clinics, 103 had a family history of diabetes mellitus whereas 17 had no family history. 120 patients agreed to participate in questionnaire interview and were informed about the purpose of the study. A good response from patients is a good indication for a future national study.  

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Ricinus communis L.  (Euphorbiaceae), used to cure  lumbago and toothache, led to the isolation of acyl glycosides characterized as n-octadec-9-enoyl β-D-glucopyranoside (4), n- octadecanoyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (5), n -docosany1-β-D-gluco- pyranoside (6), n-hexadecanoyl β-D-glucuranopyranoside (7) and n-octadecanoyl- β- arabinopyranosyl – (2→1″) – β- arabinopyranoside (9), a trisaccharide β-D-glucuranopyranosyl-(2→1)-β-D-arabinopyranosyl-(2→1) -β-D-arabinopyranoside (8), a tetraglycoside β- D- glucopyranosyl- (2®1)- β - D- arabinopyranosyl-(2®1)-β- D- arabinopyranosyl - (2®1)- β -D-arabinopyranoside (10), a triterpenic glucoside α-amyrin β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and two steroidal glycosides viz., stigmasterol β-L-arabinopyranoside(2) and β-sitosterol β-D-glucopyranoside(3). The structures of all these glycosides, isolated from the roots for the first time,  have been characterized on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.

  Amomum subulatum Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) is a perennial herb grown in Sikkim, Darjeeling, Assam, Bhutan and Nepal. Its fruits are used to treat in digestion, vomiting, biliousness, abdominal pain, rectal, throat and lung diseases, inflammation of the eyelids and liver complaints. Hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from the fruits of A. subulatum grown in northeast region of Sikkim, was analyzed by capillary GC and GC-MS techniques. The oil was consisted of 20 components including the major ones 1,8 cineole (65.39%), α-terpineol (10.15%), β-pinene (7.23%), α-pinene (4.06%), linalool oxide (3.23%), and limonene (2.53%).

  Trachyspermum ammi (L.) sprague fruits is commonly called Ajowan belongs to the family ‘Apiaceae’. It’s fruits yielded 2% to 4% brownish essential oil, with thymol as the major constituent (35% to 60%). It also contain monoterpenoids and reported some new constituents. The plant is used traditionally as a stimulant, carminative, flatulence, atonic dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal tumours, abdominal pains, piles, and bronchial problems, lack of appetite, galactogogue, asthma and amenorrhoea. It possess various pharmacological activities like antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, cytotoxic activity, hypolipidaemic, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, broncho-dilating actions, antilithiasis, diuretic, abortifacient, antitussive, nematicidal, anthelmintic and antifilarial activity. This review deals with the evidence-based information regarding the pharmacological activity of Trachyspermum ammi. Key words: Trachyspermum ammi, Apiaceae, Ajowan fruits, constituents, pharmacological activities.