G. Sree Vijayabala

Dubowitz syndrome is a genetic and chromosomal instability disorder characterized by growth hormone deficiency or defects in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. It is characterized by retarded growth, several craniofacial manifestations, skin eruption, soft-tissue syndactyly, central nervous system and oral manifestations. There are reports of even malignant tumors associated with this syndrome. This manuscript reviews the manifestations and management of the dubowitz syndrome.

Ayurvedic medicine is a well known treatment procedure past many years. Glycyrrhiza glabra also known as Liquorice, sweetwood, Mulhatti etc. It has well known properties such as antiviral, glucocorticoid, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiulcerative, anticarcinogenic and many more. Its indications in dentistry are also well noted such as in oral lichen planus, apthous stomatitis. This herb was tried in the vesicullobullous disorder which is not well recognized. This review portrays the properties, medicinal values such as antiviral, glucocorticoid, Hypocholesterolaemic, antioxidant, toxicities, anticancer, hepatitis, gastric ulcer, hepatocellular carcinoma and dosage of this precious herb.

Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal condition in which there is a presence of extra X chromosome in the males. It is characterized by small testicles, azospermia, gynecomastia, several general, craniofacial, oral manifestations and radiological manifestations. This review highlights the etiology, salient clinical features, features during the life span, other manifestations reported, oral and craniofacial radiological features, investigations, treatment, recent advancements in the management, risk factors of Klinefelter syndrome are discussed briefly.

  Angina bullosa haemorrhagica is a rare blood filled vesiculobullous lesion of the oropharynx with the most common site being reported is the soft palate. Many etiological factors have been reported including trauma, hypertension, hyperglycemia and even iatrogenic causes. Management is based on the dimension of the lesion. Usually smaller lesions are self limiting, but larger lesions require surgical intervention. We report a case of rapidly expanding blood-filled bulla of the soft palate of size 2x4.5 mm with successful management by steroids. It was associated with tightness as prodromal symptom in the area followed by the bullae. The etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis and management of the lesion is discussed.

  Oral submucous fibrosis is a potentially malignant disorder with increased potential for malignant transformation. Major etiological factor for causation of OSMF is betel quid and gutka chewing habit. Patient with OSMF usually complains of burning sensation in the oral cavity and progressive difficulty in opening the mouth. Several management strategies have been tried in the treatment of OSMF and steroids are usually the mainstay of treatment for OSMF.  These case reports portray the etiology, clinical features and management of these cases.