Eradication of Hydrocarbon which Disrupts the World Economy through Fungi

Oil spills are considered as one of the critical problems which cause a decline in environmental health. Currently the biological solutions have become more familiar to remove hazardous substances from the environment. Oil spillage is the accidental discharge or pouring of crude oil into the environment which involves the contamination of the environment with liquid hydrocarbons. These spills endanger public health, drinking water and natural resources and disrupt the economy. Negative socio-economic impacts include decreased tourism and the closure of recreational, fishing and shellfish areas. Boats and fishing gear may be damaged and human health can also be affected through direct contact or inhalation of the oil or by eating contaminated seafood. The objective of the Oil Spills Protocol is to strengthen national and regional preparedness and response capacity to oil spills. The Protocol also serves to foster and facilitate co-operation and mutual assistance among the nations and territories in cases of emergency in order to prevent and control major oil spill incidents. Crude Oil Production in India increased to 774 BBL/D/1K in October of 2014 from 757 BBL/D/1K in September of 2014. Crude Oil Production in India is reported by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Soil samples were collected from petrol bunks and automobile workshops at Thanjavur and used for the isolation of fungi. The isolated fungus was identified as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor, and Trichoderma Species using lacto phenol cotton blue staining method and cultural characteristics. The growth of fungal diversity was higher due to more carbon concentration in the hydrocarbon polluted sites and the dominant species present in all stations are Aspergillus and penicillium Species. The study focuses its attention on the survey of fungi from the zone of hydrocarbon polluted area and their potential ability to bring about degradation of hydrocarbons.