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📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

December 2020 Issue 6

Volume 10, Issue 6 - $2020

Volume 10 Issue 6 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 10 Issue 6
Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: December 2020 Issue 6

Welcome to the 2020 issue of American Journal of PharmTech Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Hemangi J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of PharmTech Research

Articles in This Issue

Showing 9 of 9 articles
Research PaperID: AJPTR106001

In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Mollugo Nudicaulis Lam, Syzygium Cumini Linn And Hibiscus Vitifolius Linn On Pheretima Posthuma

Carolin Nimila.I, Ajith kumar.B, Sudha.N, Priya.P, Sambath kumar.R

The present paper investigated the In-vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts of Mollugo nudicaulis Lam, Syzygium cumini Linn and Hibiscus vitifolius Linn to determine the possible effects by using Pheretima Posthuma (Indian adult earthworm). Two concentrations of each extracts (50,100mg/ml) were used in this activity and the same concentration of Albendazole as a standard drug and distilled water with 1%w/v carboxyl methyl cellulose as control. Determination of paralysis time (vermifuge) and death time (vermicidal) of the worms were noted. It was found that the ethanolic extracts of three plants exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 100mg/ml of MNE (highest activity) followed by SCE and HVE (least activity). The above traditional plants confirms the presence of ethanobotanical uses. The plants may be further explored for isolation of active constituents to bring a new active lead for suitable anthelmintic activity.

Mollugo nudicaulis LamSyzygium cumini LinnHibiscus vitifolius LinnAnthelmintic activityAlbendazoleVermifuge+1 more
321,065 views
96,380 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.001

Contributors:

 Carolin Nimila.I
,
 Ajith kumar.B
,
 Sudha.N
,
 Priya.P
,
 Sambath kumar.R
Research PaperID: AJPTR106002

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Computational Revisions, Toxicology Studies In Addition To Biotic Studies of O-Phenylenediamine Based Schiff Base and Its Transition Metal Complexes

Kalichamy Indra, Arulannandham Xavier, Balasundaram Harinathan

(E)-2-(1-((2-aminophenyl)imino)ethyl)phenol (APIEP) was charity in place of a ligand in lieu of the synthesis of a succession of metallic multiplexes, wherever the metals were Ni(II), Fe(III) and Zn(II).  The structural sorts of the ligand in addition to the contrived multiplexes remained characterized by means of numerous spectral as well as diagnostic practices. FT-IR spectra exhibited that the liberty ligand APIEP accomplishes by means of tridentate with hydroxyl, amine and imine moiety were co-ordination sites to all the metal ions. The FT-IR stretching frequency for the above co-ordination sites were varied after co-ordination with Ni(II), Fe(III) then Zn(II) metallic salts. The metallic complexes exhibits octahedral geometry, it was confirmed by spectral techniques.  Natal activities of the ligand APIEP voguish accumulation en route on behalf of its multiplexes have remained verified against anti-oxidant and anti-microbial strains. All the metallic multiplexes partake superior biotic doings than the free APIEP. The computational analysis like biological activity prediction, cell line cytotoxicity, acute rate toxicity, environmental toxicity and docking of the samples were done with online software and commercial docking software.

O-phenylenediamine2-hydroxy acetophenonemetal complexescomputational studiestoxicologybiological activities.
321,000 views
96,383 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.002

Contributors:

 Kalichamy Indra
,
 Arulannandham Xavier
,
 Balasundaram Harinathan
Research PaperID: AJPTR106003

Ion – Activated In Situ Gelling System of Levofloxacin for Sustained Ophthalmic Delivery

Suchita G, Juvatkar PV, Smita T, B. Suvarna

Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavours facing the pharmaceutical scientist. The anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the eye render this organ highly impervious to foreign substances. Various ophthalmic vehicles, such as inserts, ointments, suspensions and aqueous gels, have been developed to lengthen the residence times of instilled dose and enhance ophthalmic bioavailability1. The objective of the present work was to develop an ion activated in situ gelling system of Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone derivative used in external infections of the eye. Gellan, alone, was investigated as vehicle for the formulation of eye drops of Levofloxacin (0.5%), which would undergo gelation when instilled into cul-de-sac of the eye and provide sustained release during treatment of ocular infections. The developed formulations were therapeutically efficacious and provide sustained release of the drug during over a 8-hrs period in vitro2.

LevofloxacinGellan GumIn situ gelling system
321,050 views
96,444 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.003

Contributors:

 Suchita G
,
 Juvatkar PV
,
 Smita T
,
 B. Suvarna
Research PaperID: AJPTR106004

Formulation and Evaluation of Bosentan Monohydrate Sustained Release Tablets Using Thermal Sintering Technique

P.Madhuri, K.V Ratnamala

The objective of the present study is to prepare thermally sintered sustained release tablets of Bosentan monohydrate and to study the effect of sintering conditions on in-vitro dissolution study, hardness and friability. The tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation technique. The prepared tablets were sintered at three different temperatures like 500C, 600C and 700C for three different time periods 1hr, 2hr and 3 hr in a hot air oven. Pre compression and Post compression parameters were performed. Results shown that the release rate of the drug was inversely related to the sintering temperature and the time of sintering. The optimum drug retardation occurred in the tablets sintered at 60 and 700C. The hardness of the sintered tablets was increased with increase in sintering temperature and duration of sintering, whereas friability of tablets was found to be decreased with increasing sintering time. From the FTIR, it was observed that there was no interaction between drug and excipients. Hence, the stearic acid, carnauba wax and EVA 1802 can be used as sintering polymers for controlling the drug release by Thermal sintering technique. F7(6001 hr sintering) showed the maximum sustained release of 99.8%. From the kinetic profile it shows that the drug release followed zero order and Non fickian diffusion with erosion mechanism. From the stability it was observed that the F7(600 1hr sintering) was stable for 3 months under standard conditions. Thus F7(600 1hr sintering) was considered to be the best formulation among all the 7 formulations sintered at various temperatures and various time periods. Hence it shows the suitability of EVA polymer for preparing the Bosentan monohydrate sustained release tablets by Thermal sintering technique. F7( 600C 1 hr sintering) got good the results in Preformulation studies. The angle of repose was 24.45, Hausner’s ratio is 1.08 Compressibility index is 8.81 which indicates the good flowing properties. From the FTIR studies it was observed that there is no interaction between the drug and excipients. As Bosentan is having the high intestinal absorption, by preparing sustained release tablets of Bosentan monohydrate, its bioavailability can be enhanced.  Only the drugs which are having the high melting point are selected for using thermal sintering technique. As Bosentan is having melting point of 1080C, it is used in the preparation of Sustained release tablets of Bosentan monohydrate using Thermal sintering technique.

Thermal sintering techniqueBosentan monohydrate.
321,513 views
96,538 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.004

Contributors:

 P.Madhuri
,
 K.V Ratnamala
Research PaperID: AJPTR106005

Herbal Drugs Used In Treatment Of Alzimer’s Disease

Deore Mayuri Jagannath, Gaikwad Shivani Rohidas, Pagar Swati Appasaheb, Musmade Deepak Sitaram

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to a gradual and irreversible loss of memory, linguistic skills, and perception of time and space, thinking, and behavior.  Food habits, Dietary pattern has been presented as a contributor to the incidence of Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with the prevalence continuing to grow in part because of the aging world population. Some Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs are available for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, the outcomes are often unsatisfactory, and there is a place for alternative medicine, in particular, herbal medicine. This paper reviews for the how food habits act as one cause for Alzheimer’s disease & the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal remedies/medicines for the treatment of AD.

Alzheimer’s diseasedementiaamyloidfood habitsherbal remedies.
321,300 views
96,401 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.005

Contributors:

 Deore Mayuri Jagannath
,
 Gaikwad Shivani Rohidas
,
 Pagar Swati Appasaheb
,
 Musmade Deepak Sitaram
Research PaperID: AJPTR106006

A Review on Basal Bolus Regimen in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Agatha mol Eldhoes, Amurtha Antony P, Irene Jose, Aji Varghese, K Krishnakumar

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects the way the body produces and uses insulin to control blood sugar. Basal bolus insulin therapy is a combination of short and long acting insulin. But, now a days there is a deadline in this therapy due to the use of automatic insulin pump and continuous glucose monitoring. It reduces A1C without any risk of hypoglycemia. This article review regarding role of basal bolus therapy in diabetes and in depth understanding of DDT including its dose calculation

Basal bolus insulinTDD
321,623 views
96,544 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.006

Contributors:

 Agatha mol Eldhoes
,
 Amurtha Antony P
,
 Irene Jose
,
 Aji Varghese
,
 K Krishnakumar
Research PaperID: AJPTR106007

Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC and UV Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Repaglinide and Sitagliptin Phosphate in Combination

Nusrat K. Shaikh, Rakeshkumar Jat, Jitendra O. Bhangale

The present work describes Stability indicating RP-HPLC and Simultaneous equation UV spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of Repaglinide and Sitagliptin phosphate. The parameters Specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, Robustness and system suitability tests were studied and their results were complied to ICH guideline Q2 (R1).  Chromatography was carried out by reverse phase technique on an RP-18 with mobile phase composed of Acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer (65:35; % v/v) adjusted to pH 3.5 with 10% orthophosphoric acid) with flow rate 1 ml/min. Both drugs were eluted, isocratically using detection wavelength 228 nm. Simultaneous equation UV spectrophotometric method was performed and two wavelengths 240 nm (λmax of Repaglinide) and 267 nm (λmax of Sitagliptin phosphate) were selected for the formation of simultaneous equation. The A (1%, 1cm) was determined at both the wavelengths selected for each drug. A set of two simultaneous equations were formed as Cx and Cy. Methanol used as Solvent (diluent) for UV method. For proposed methods, the linearity for both methods were obtained in the concentration range of 0.5-2.5 μg/ml for Repaglinide and 50-250 μg/ml for Sitagliptin phosphate. Statistical analysis by student’s t-test showed no significance difference between the results obtained by these two methods. The suitability of method for the quantitative determination of Repaglinide and Sitagliptin phosphate was proved by validation. The proposed methods and its results had been successfully applied and validated statistically to the simultaneous estimation of Repaglinide and Sitagliptin phosphate in their combination for quality analysis.

RepaglinideSitagliptin phosphateRP-HPLC methodUV method
321,965 views
96,648 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.007

Contributors:

 Nusrat K. Shaikh
,
 Rakeshkumar Jat
,
 Jitendra O. Bhangale
Research PaperID: AJPTR106008

Design of Experiments (DoE) - Based Enhanced Quality by Design Approach to Hydrolytic Degradation Kinetic Study of Capecitabine by Eco-friendly Stability Indicating UV-Visible Spectrophotometry

Pintu Prajapati, Radhika Patel, Dilan Patel, Shailesh Shah

Capecitabine is an anti-metabolite class of anti-neoplastic drug that is converted to fluorouracil in body tissue. Numbers of stability indicating chromatography method such as HPLC, HPTLC etc. have been reported for stability study of capecitabine. But the chromatography methods are tedious, time and solvent consuming methods. Hence, stability-indicating UV-visible spectroscopy method has been developed for hydrolytic degradation kinetic study of capecitabine using design of experiments (DoE)-based enhanced quality by design approach (QbD) to save time, solvent and cost of analysis. The potential method parameters were identified and assessed by risk priority number (RPN) ranking and filtering. The DoE-based full factorial designs were applied for degradation kinetic study in alkaline and acidic medium at different temperature. The rate constant, order of reaction, half-life and % degradation of capecitabine was calculated. The absorbencies of all samples were measured at 307nm wavelength and linearity of capecitabine was found to be in the range of 5-25µg/mL. The order of reactions for alkaline and acidic degradation kinetic was found to be first order. The highest degradation rate constant and % degradation of capecitabine was found to be in 0.3 N acid or base at 50?C. The prediction of rate constant and % degradation of capecitabine was done using DoE-based response surface analysis. The data of degradation kinetic was found to be in good agreement with published RP-HPLC method of capecitabine.

Stability indicating UV-Visible spectrophotometryCapecitabineDesign of experiments (DoE)Enhanced-QbD approachFull-factorial design
321,933 views
96,550 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.008

Contributors:

 Pintu Prajapati
,
 Radhika Patel
,
 Dilan Patel
,
 Shailesh Shah
Research PaperID: AJPTR106009

A Study on Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Hylocereus undatus Fruits in Experimental Rats

Pandya Prutha Hitendraprasad, Aniruddha Banerjee, Karunakar Hegde

A study on antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Hylocereus undatus fruits against acetaminophen and ethanol induced hepatotoxicity was conducted in experimental rats. Two doses 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg, p.o. of the extract were subjected for the evaluation of hepatoprotective potential against acetaminophen (2g/kg) and ethanol (2ml/100g) induced liver injury. Silymarin (25mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. The parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and endogenous enzymes were estimated to assess the liver functions. Both the lower (250mg/kg) and higher dose (500mg/kg) of Hylocereus undatus fruit extract showed dose dependent significant decrease in SGPT, SGOT, ALP, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels when compared with toxic control. Both the doses showed decrease in LPO and increase in GSH levels. The present study concluded that Hylocereus undatus fruit was found to be effective against hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen and ethanol. Further studies are needed to isolate and characterize the active principles and to find out the mechanism responsible for its hepatoprotective activity.

AcetaminophenEthanolHepatoprotectiveHylocereus undatus fruit
321,920 views
96,719 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i6.009

Contributors:

 Pandya Prutha Hitendraprasad
,
 Aniruddha Banerjee
,
 Karunakar Hegde

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