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📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

October 2020 Issue 5

Volume 10, Issue 5 - $2020

Volume 10 Issue 5 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 10 Issue 5
Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: October 2020 Issue 5

Welcome to the 2020 issue of American Journal of PharmTech Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Hemangi J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of PharmTech Research

Articles in This Issue

Showing 9 of 9 articles
Research PaperID: AJPTR105001

Overview of COVID-19 As Global Pandemic

Musmade Nirmala Ashok, Kakade Swati Babasaheb, Musmade Deepak Sitaram, Shaikh Sabhafarin Hasin, Matsagar Aishwarya Rajendra, Aghade Karveer

Beginning of the new decade was highlighted with the global outbreak of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). It is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new strain of Coronavirus. This outbreak of pneumonia with unknown etiology was thought to have originated from the Huanan seafood market and was reported firstly at Wuhan, in China. On 31st January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that COVID-19 was listed as the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).The virus was named as COVID-19 on 11th February, 2020 by WHO. As it has affected the whole world, it was declared as global pandemic by WHO. SARS-CoV-2 is the betacoronavirus with presence of different proteins which helps in attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation and release of newly synthesized virion particles in the host body and infect the host. COVID-19 is contagious and primarily spreads through the respiratory tract, by droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. As no vaccine or drug molecule are available yet, breaking the chain, enhancing an individual's body immunity, identifying the infection early and timely medical care are the best ways to prevent COVID-19 infection. Along with Allopathy medicines, Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy medicines are used as add-ons to treat the disease. Thus, taking into consideration this global threat this review focuses on origin, morphology of SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, role of Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy and Allopathy in treatment of COVID-19 and the current scenario of vaccines against COVID-19.

COVID-19PandemicAyurvedaUnaniHomeopathyAllopathy.
319,961 views
96,020 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.001

Contributors:

 Musmade Nirmala Ashok
,
 Kakade Swati Babasaheb
,
 Musmade Deepak Sitaram
,
 Shaikh Sabhafarin Hasin
,
 Matsagar Aishwarya Rajendra
,
 Aghade Karveer
Research PaperID: AJPTR105002

Cardioprotective Activity Of Herbal Formulation In Experimental Animal

Neha A. Khadse, Manish P. Deshmukh, Anjali M. Wankhade

The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of herbal formulation in rats with isoproterenol-hydrochloride (ISPH) induced myocardial infraction. Adult male Wistar Albino rats were pre-treated with herbal formulation daily for a period of 4 weeks. After the treatment period, ISPH (85 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the rats at 24 h intervals for 2 days. ISPH induced myocardial damage indicated by cardiac marker enzyme activities including creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, SGOT, angiotensin converting enzyme. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in hearts after ISPH-induced myocardial infraction. However, pre-treatment of ischemic rats with herbal formulation brought the biochemical parameters to near normalcy, indicating the protective effect of herbal formulation against ISPH-induced ischemia in rats.

Myocardial infractionIsoproterenol hydrochloridetissue deathherbal formulationInflammation
320,157 views
96,085 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.002

Contributors:

 Neha A. Khadse
,
 Manish P. Deshmukh
,
 Anjali M. Wankhade
Research PaperID: AJPTR105003

Quantitative Method For The Determination Of Phenyl Hydrazine, A Potential Genotoxic Impurity Of Ondansetron Hydrochloride Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Palnati Narmada 1* Kotapati Nalini, Gopal Vaidyanathan

To estimate the level of Phenylhydrazine, a potential genotoxic impurity in Ondansetron Hydrochloride API, a new simple, sensitive and accurate method was developed using Liquid Chromatographic Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The chromatographic separation was achieved on Inert Sustain Swift C18, 5µ (150 x 4.6) mm column with gradient programme and elution was monitored by mass spectrometer in Multiple Reaction Monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. The LOD and LOQ values found to be 5 ppm and 15 ppm for the impurity with respect to the test concentration 2 mg/ml. The method was linear (r2>0.99), precise (RSD<2%), accurate and well within acceptable ICH limits.

Potential genotoxic impuritiesOndansetron HydrochlorideLC-MS/MSMultiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM)Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC)
320,311 views
96,096 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.003

Contributors:

 Palnati Narmada 1* Kotapati Nalini
,
 Gopal Vaidyanathan
Research PaperID: AJPTR105004

Physicochemical and Phytochemical Investigation of Isolated seed oil of Nelumbo Nucifera (l.) and its Pharmacognostic parameters

Attarde DL, Kothawade PS, Bhambar RS

Nelumbo nucifera (L.) belonging to Nelumbonaceae commonly known as lotus, aquatic herb grown and consumed throughout Asia. It is known in Sanskrit-Svetakamala, English-Sacred Lotus, Hindi- Kanwal and French-Nelumbo. All parts of N. nucifera used for various medicinal purposes in various systems of medicine including folk medicines, Ayurveda and Chinese traditional medicine. Many chemical constituents have been isolated from this plant.  However, the bioactive constituents of lotus are mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Traditionally the whole plant of lotus was used as astringent, emollient, diuretic, diarrhea and in the treatment of tissue inflammation and seeds are used in the cancer treatment. In this research work the fixed oil was isolated from lotus seeds with a solvent extraction method and its physicochemical and phytochemical parameters were evaluated along with TLC parameter. Seeds organoleptic, microscopical & physicochemical parameters were also evaluated.

Nelumbo nuciferaLotus seedPadmaSacred lotusSvetakamalaNelumbonaceae
320,302 views
96,089 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.004

Contributors:

 Attarde DL
,
 Kothawade PS
,
 Bhambar RS
Research PaperID: AJPTR105005

Bilayer Tablet of Atenolol and Simvastatin

M. B. Datir, D.D. Chechare, Bhagyashree Dhambore, Shaheen Ansari

Bilayer tablets are planned by way of one layer of drug for immediate release with the second layer designed to release drug later, either as a second dose or in an sustained release form. The bilayer tablets with two incompatible drugs can also be prepared by compressing separate layers of each drug so as to minimize area of contact between two layers of two API. To manufacture sufficient tablet formulation, definite necessities such as sufficient mechanical strength and desired drug release profile must be meet. At times, this may be difficult task for formulator to achieve these conditions especially in bilayer tablet formulation where double compression technique is involved, because of poor flow and compatibility characteristic of the drug which will result in capping and/or lamination. The compaction of a material involves both the compressibility and consolidation.

BilayerCompressionReleasetablet
320,576 views
96,069 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.005

Contributors:

 M. B. Datir
,
 D.D. Chechare
,
 Bhagyashree Dhambore
,
 Shaheen Ansari
Research PaperID: AJPTR105006

Review Of Guda Sharira According to Ayurveda

Khanolkar Gurunath Digambar, Madavi Kishorkumar Patru

Now a days due to modern lifestyle which result in irregular bowel habits due to which the number of Guda (annorectal) diseases are increasing parikartika i.e. fissure and. bhagandhar is such a type of Guda (annorectal) diseases. Guda is the vital part of human body. According to charaka mula (base) of the body is guda. Siras are situated in Guda and Murdha (sharira) are based on Guda. Acharyas has described guda as a sadhyapranhara marama and Mansmmarma type of marma. Any trauma to this marma leads to sudden death like situation or death in seven days. According to yogshastra Guda is the seat of Muladhar Chakra on which all the chakras are dependent.  So these fact confirm the statements of sushrutacharya. Vagbhata included Guda in Dhamni marma In the Utpatti (embryogenesis) of Guda it is counted in Matruja avayava because of Mrudutva by different Acharyas. Guda is the mulsthana of purishavaha strotasa, so its vikruti leads to vikruti of whole strotasa.Almost all the samhitas has stated vallies as vali, Ashtangasangraha, Madhava nidana, Bhavaprakasha all has explained this Trivali structure of guda.Charakacharya explained guda in two as utterguda an Adharguda while stating Koshtangas Chakrapani has given the function of utterguda as storage and Adharguda as excretion of mala ( Faeces) In Ayurveda guda described as very important organ and various description were found. All these details are scattered throughout the classical text. Keeping in view of ancient Acharyas it becomes important to understand the complete Anatomy of the Guda which may be interpreted to come out with higher and more scientific knowledge which will be very helpful and more practically useful to our student, practitioner and academicians.  Objective of the study is literary review of Guda Sharira with correlation of anatomical features in detailed description of Guda is mentioned in many Ayurvedic text. Therefore it is necessary the study review of Guda sharir is important.   

GudaGudamarmPranayatanMuladharchakraGudavlliesKarmendriya+2 more
320,411 views
96,172 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.006

Contributors:

 Khanolkar Gurunath Digambar
,
 Madavi Kishorkumar Patru
Research PaperID: AJPTR105007

Thermal Sintering: A Novel technique in Formulation of Controlled Release Dosage form

P.Madhuri, K.V Ratnamala

Sintering is defined as the thermal treatment of a powder or compact at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its bond strength. This concept in pharmaceutical science is relatively new, but research works relating to this process have been growing. Sintering has been described as the mechanism for the strengthening of the mechanical properties of consolidated pharmaceutical powders at elevated temperatures, for solid-bond formation during tablet compression, and for thermal curing of polymer-latex film -Coatings. The changes in the microstructures, Hardness, Friability, Wettability, disintegration time and dissolution rate of tablets stored at elevated temperature were also described as a result of sintering. Controlled release oral dosage forms were developed by sintering the polymer matrix by exposing to temperature above glass transition (Tg) point of the polymer. In the application of thermal sintering technique to the formulation of controlled release dosage form, the main research focus has been on the influence of sintering on the alteration of the microstructures in a polymeric matrix and the release of the active ingredients from the matrix.

Thermal sinteringGlass transition pointControlled releaseMatrix
320,488 views
96,305 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.007

Contributors:

 P.Madhuri
,
 K.V Ratnamala
Research PaperID: AJPTR105008

Comparing role of USG and CT scan in Evaluation of Renal Masses.

Saumil Desai, Dishu Shah

Renal masses can be detected on USG and CT scan with USG is usually the initial modality which picks up any mass in the kidney while CT scan is preferred imaging modality for renal tumours and its staging and it is also helpful in diagnosis of previously undetected masses and small masses. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of USG and CT scan for detection of renal masses. 50 patients were selected for the study for which they underwent USG and CT scan examination after explaining the entire procedure and the risks involved. In our study of 50 patients, simple renal cyst was the most common renal mass encountered while renal cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant renal mass encountered followed by Wilm’s tumour. Renal cell carcinoma was the commonest primary renal parenchymal tumour in adults while Wilm’s tumour was the commonest primary renal parenchymal tumour in the first decade of life. ADPKD, RCC, Wilm’s tumor and renal lymphoma were common in males while renal abscess were common in females. All the cases of Wilm’s tumor and squamous cell carcinoma had solitary lesions while most of the cases of renal abscess showed multiple lesions in the kidneys. Renal angiomyolipoma showed multiple intraparenchymal lesions in both kidneys as seen in cases of renal lymphoma and ADPKD. Renal angiomyolipomas were easily diagnosed due to presence of characteristic CT value of fat in these lesions. As imaging modality both USG and CT scan are equally accurate in most of the cases except in cases of angiomyolipoma, renal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma as in angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma, CT is more accurate for diagnosis and for squamous cell carcinoma, both the modalities were not effective in diagnosis. CT is more accurate for detecting various features of renal cell carcinoma needed for preoperative staging like perinephric extension, invasion of adjacent organs, renal vein and IVC thrombosis.

Renal massesUSGCT scan
320,641 views
96,240 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.008

Contributors:

 Saumil Desai
,
 Dishu Shah
Research PaperID: AJPTR105009

Review On Phytosomes: As A Emerging Strategy To Improve The Bioavailability Of Phytoconstituents

Shivam Sharma, Niraj Gupta

Phytoconstituents, in modern time phytosomes are being increase the level of natural remedies. It is recently introduced system to have used as a novel drug delivery. However nowadays it has been developed into the most well-turned and self assembled system to raise the oral bioavailability of phyto-drugs. That generally recognized as phytosomes. Phytoconstituents have a benignant moderation between hydrophilic and lipophilic in nature molecules which is helps in breakdown of gastro-intestinal sap to pass the lipid rich bio-membrane of cells. It can just be achieved as a result of phytosomes technique. But the delivery of herbal drugs is turn into the challenges owing to reduced aqueous dissolubility, poor permeations and foremost metabolite rate. Therefore, phytosome works as linkage for retain the efficiency toward develop the incorporation of numerous well-liked herbal drugs. E.g. - Ginkgo biloba, grape seeds, green tea etc. it can merely be evolved for a variety of remedial use.

Phyto-constituentsPhytosomesBioavailabilityNovel drug delivery.
320,882 views
96,227 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i5.009

Contributors:

 Shivam Sharma
,
 Niraj Gupta

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