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📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

February 2020 Issue 1

Volume 10, Issue 1 - $2020

Volume 10 Issue 1 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 10 Issue 1
Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: February 2020 Issue 1

Welcome to the 2020 issue of American Journal of PharmTech Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Hemangi J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of PharmTech Research

Articles in This Issue

Showing 20 of 20 articles
Research PaperID: AJPTR101001

Evaluation of Anti-ulcer activity of Ethanolic Extract of Nymphaea Alba Linn Flower in experimental rats.

Ashish K. Paharia, A. Pandurangan

In the present study Anti ulcer activity of Ethanolic Extract of flower of Nymphaea alba Linn were investigated. The Anti ulcer activity of Ethanolic Extract of flower of Nymphaea alba were evaluated by Pylorus ligation & Ethanol induced ulcer model in experimental rats. In both models the common parameter determined was ulcer index. The Ethanolic Extract of Nymphaea alba (200 & 400 mg/kg) treat the Ulcer and produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by Pylorus ligation induced ulcer & Ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Preliminary Phytochemical analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Nymphaea alba revealed that the presence of various phytoconstituents Alkaloids, Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides), Glycosides, Steroids, Flavonoids and Tannin & Phenolic compound. The extract (200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to control. This present study indicates that Nymphaea alba Linn flower extract have potential Anti ulcer activity in the both models. These results may further suggest that Ethanolic extract was found to possess Antiulcerogenic as well as ulcer healing properties, which might be due to its Anti-secretary activity.

Nymphaea alba LinnPylorus ligationEthanol induced ulcer modelulcer index
309,393 views
92,811 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.001

Contributors:

 Ashish K. Paharia
,
 A. Pandurangan
Research PaperID: AJPTR101002

Synthesis, Characterization and In-vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phenothiazine Derivatives

V. Jhansi Rani, Konda Ravi Kumar, Y. Naga Surekha

Phenothiazine is an organic compound and it is related to the thiazine class of heterocyclic compounds. A novel series of Phenothiazine derivatives were prepared by the reaction of Para amino benzoic acid with 3 different substituted anilines. All the compounds were characterized by melting point, UV, TLC, IR and C,H,N elemental analysis. The synthesis of 3 derivative compounds were prepared, those are 3 derivatives of substituted phenothiazine were prepared in scheme 1 from p-chloro benzoic acid aniline derivatives. All the compounds were structurally elucidated with physical and analytical methods. All the compounds evaluated with invitro anti inflammatory activity by protein denaturation method. The synthesized derivatives were screened for invitro anti-inflammatory activity. 5C Compound showed significant effect at 200-1000 µg/ml.

Heterocyclic compoundsPhenothiazine derivatives
309,522 views
92,931 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.002

Contributors:

 V. Jhansi Rani
,
 Konda Ravi Kumar
,
 Y. Naga Surekha
Research PaperID: AJPTR101003

Epilepsy Induced Anxiety Disorder in A Tertiary Care Hospital – A Case Study

Kavitha.S, Sabishruthi S, Deva Priya.SA, Pavani.S, Sreesandya.G

A 20-years-old male patient was admitted in government hospital with chief complaints of 6 episodes of seizure with the time interval of 1 hour, fever for one day, vomiting for one day (1 episode). The patient complaints in psychiatric interview; that he lacks concentration, isolation himself from family and avoiding to go out as he was getting sudden seizure episode. He belongs to low socio economic status, so he thinks that his health issue would cause financial difficulties. The patient was given a specialized questionnaire named HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale) to analyse the severity of anxiety disorder. The patient scored 15 on 21 which represents that the patient has abnormal case of anxiety. He also suffered from anxiety and depressive symptoms like sleeplessness, irritability, lack of interest, hopelessness for past 6 months. The diagnostic and psychiatric interview indicated that the patient was suffering from generalized tonic-clonic seizure with anxiety. The patient has advised to overcome from her anxiety state and cognitive behavioural therapy was suggested. As Clinical pharmacist, patient counselling had given regarding diseased condition, medications and lifestyle modification to control the problem and to improve the patient’s quality of life.

SeizureAnxietyCounsellingHADSClinical PharmacistQuality of life.
309,778 views
92,963 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.003

Contributors:

 Kavitha.S
,
 Sabishruthi S
,
 Deva Priya.SA
,
 Pavani.S
,
 Sreesandya.G
Research PaperID: AJPTR101004

New Analytical Methods for the Determination of Two Gliptin Drugs In Pharmaceutical Formulations and Urine Samples

Sabry Khalil, Afaf Bushara, Hanan Farag

New ion – associate complexes of the two gliptin drugs, vildagliptin and saxagliptin were precipitated with tetraiodometrcurate and ammonium reineckate and the excess unreacted metal complex was determined. New methods were given for the determination of these drugs in pure solutions, pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples using atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry. The drugs can be determined by the afford methods  in the ranges 0.68 – 74.69 and 0.70 – 77.42 μg / ml for vildagliptin and saxagliptin, respectively.

Ion-associate complexesatomic absorptionatomic emissionpharmaceutical analysis.
309,627 views
93,013 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.004

Contributors:

 Sabry Khalil
,
 Afaf Bushara
,
 Hanan Farag
Research PaperID: AJPTR101005

Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Lornoxicam Using Novel Natural Superdisintegrants.

Kiran Dagadu Baviskar, Rahul Dagadu Baviskar, Pralhad Kisan Kanke, Kiran Dongar Patil

The present research is focused on development of mouth dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam using novel superdisintegrants from natural resources. The research is carried out to potentiate the use of natural excipients instead of synthetic ones. Lornoxicam B cyclodextrin complex is formed as it increases the solubility of drug and to mask the taste of drug while having many advantages such as improve dissolution, and bioavailability. Tablets were prepared using natural superdisintegrants like gum karaya, Plantago ovata husk. and synthetic superdisintegrants like Crospovidone, Kyron T-314, Croscarmellose Sodium. Tablet containing 6 % of gum karaya shows better results over the formulation containing synthetic or other natural superdisintegrants like Plantago ovata husk. The formulated tablet melts in mouth within fraction of seconds with promising release of drug. The present study demonstrated potentials for rapid absorption, improved bioavailability, effective therapy, acceptable taste and patient compliance. The accelerated stability study of batch (F2) revealed that no significant change in physical properties and could be considered as stable formulation even after 3 months.

Gum karayaMouth dissolving tabletLornoxicamSuperdisintegrant.
309,991 views
92,894 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.005

Contributors:

 Kiran Dagadu Baviskar
,
 Rahul Dagadu Baviskar
,
 Pralhad Kisan Kanke
,
 Kiran Dongar Patil
Research PaperID: AJPTR101006

Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Studies of Novel Thiazolopyrimidines

Babasaheb V. Kendre, Sudhakar R. Bhusare, Pawan S Hardas

Novel thiazolopyrimidine derivatives (4a-l) were efficiently synthesized via the cyclo-condensation reactions of 2-(3-dimethylamino) acryloyl) phenyl 4-methylbenzene sulfonates with 2,3-dihydro-4-phenylthiazol-2-amines under microwave irradiation in ethanol catalyzed by iodine and the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Among the newly synthesized compounds, 4d, 4h and 4l have exhibited potent antibacterial activity where as other derivatives 4b and 4j have showed moderate activity in comparison to standard drug amphcillin. The derivatives, 4d and 4l have displayed potent antifungal activity when their activity data was compared with standard drug norcadine. Some of the selected compounds were also screened for their anti-inflammatory activity and the results are compared with standard drug indomethacin. Among the derivatives, 4j possessed potent anti-inflammatory activity while 4b, 4f and 4k have exhibited moderate activity.

Novel thiazolopyrimidineAmphcillin
309,872 views
93,035 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.006

Contributors:

 Babasaheb V. Kendre
,
 Sudhakar R. Bhusare
,
 Pawan S Hardas
Research PaperID: AJPTR101007

Comparative Evaluation of Commercially Available of Three Desensitizing Toothpaste On Dentinal Tubule Occlusion- An In-vitro SEM Study

Nilamahan Nasser, Praveen Jayaram, Pradeep Raju, Anirban Chatterjee

Dentinal hypersensitivity is a common complaint among patients. The acute, non-spontaneous, short or long lasting nature of pain requires a therapeutic mode which would bring about a significant immediate and lasting relief from dentine hypersensitivity. This study compared the efficacy of three commercially available in occluding dentinal tubules using Scanning electron microscopy. A total of 20 dentin blocks were obtained from the roots of the single rooted teeth  and randomly divided into three groups comprising of three test groups. The dentinal occlusion are evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All groups showed an increase in the percentage of tubular occlusion at However pro-argin group showed a significantly greater percentage of tubular occlusion as compared to the other groups after seven days. All the experimental agents were effective in occluding dentinal tubules as compared to the control group. The percentage (%) of occluded tubules was found to be highest for pro-argin as compared to the other groups over a period of 7 days. However further long term studies more studies are required to come to a conclusion.

HypersensitivityDentinal tubules
309,860 views
93,072 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.007

Contributors:

 Nilamahan Nasser
,
 Praveen Jayaram
,
 Pradeep Raju
,
 Anirban Chatterjee
Research PaperID: AJPTR101008

Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Fluconazole in Tablet Dosage Form

Dinesh B. Kamdi, Hina M. Yerne, Swapnil R. Patil

To develop and validate simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method for estimation of Fluconazole in tablet dosage form. The drug is freely soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide. The drug was identified in terms of solubility studies and on the basis of melting point done on Melting Point Apparatus of Equiptronics. It showed absorption maxima were determined in Ethanol. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation of concentration with absorption which reflect in linearity. The UV spectroscopic method was developed for estimation of Fluconazole in tablet dosage form and also validated as per ICH guidelines. The drug is freely soluble in organic solvents such as Ethanol, DMSO, and Dimethyl Formamide. So, the Analytical Grade Ethanol is used as a diluent in method. The melting point of Fluconazole was found to be 139-140?C (uncorrected). It showed absorption maxima 252 nm in Ethanol. On the basis of absorption spectrum the working concentration was set on 60µg/ml (PPM). The linearity was observed between 20-100 μg/ml (PPM). The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was found to be 98.75, 101.00 and 100.83% for three levels respectively. The % RSD for precision was found to be 0.78%. A simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method has been developed for estimation of Fluconazole in tablet dosage form. The method could be considered for the determination of Fluconazole in quality control laboratories.

FluconazoleDevelopmentUV SpectrophotometerMelting PointAssay MethodValidation+4 more
310,369 views
93,129 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.008

Contributors:

 Dinesh B. Kamdi
,
 Hina M. Yerne
,
 Swapnil R. Patil
Research PaperID: AJPTR101009

A Comprehensive Review on Osmotic Controlled Drug Delivery System.

Prabhat Kumar Chourasia, Sheeba FR, Harshitha Arun Pardhe, Haridwar Lodh

The conventional drug delivery systems provide an immediate release of the drug in which the release of the drug cannot be managed and the effective concentration at the target site cannot be sustained for a longer time. This form of dosage pattern can lead to plasma concentration fluctuation. Osmotic systems are the most effective strategy-based drug delivery control system. They work on the osmotic pressure principle to control the drug's delivery. The release of the drug is largely independent of the GIT's physiological factors. Such processes use osmosis as the main driving force for the release of drugs. For the osmotic drug delivery system, adequate water solubility of the drug is necessary. Osmotic drug delivery systems are composed of a drug core that is osmotically active and surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane. Numerous formulation factors such as osmotic pressure of the core component(s), solubility and size of the delivery orifice, and the nature of semi-permeable membrane influence drug(s) release from osmotic systems. This review offers a brief description of components, ideal drug characteristics, types of osmotically regulated pump and its mechanism, advantages, disadvantages.

Osmotic drug deliverySandwiched Osmotic systemOsmotic pumpOsmotic pressure.
310,439 views
93,219 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.009

Contributors:

 Prabhat Kumar Chourasia
,
 Sheeba FR
,
 Harshitha Arun Pardhe
,
 Haridwar Lodh
Research PaperID: AJPTR101010

Formulation and Evaluation of Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed Release Tablets

Aditya Gupta, Gurdeep Singh

Rabeprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastro oesophageal reflux disease by inhibiting the enzyme H+ /K+ATPase, the acidic pump. It is also used to treat Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, erosive esophagitis. This study is aimed to develop pharmaceutically equivalent and stable enteric-coated tablets of Rabeprazole sodium comparable to innovator product. The present work aims to avoid degradation of drug in acidic environment of stomach. Ten Formulations of Rabeprazole core tablets were developed using mannitol as diluents, magnesium stearate and talc as lubricant and glidant, Ethyl cellulose as seal coating, Eudragit L-30, Plasacrylic HTP, Instacoat EN HPMC Pthalate as enteric coated. Among the ten uncoated tablet batches F9 obtained good drug release profile compared to innovator. So a batch F9 was selected for further steps of formulation i.e., sub coating and enteric coating. After enteric coated batches F9 was evaluated for acid resistance test and in-vitro dissolution test compared with innovator found to be suitable for Rabeprazole sodium delayed release tablet. The stability studies were conducted at 40oC/75% RH for 3 months.

Rabeprazole sodiumgastro oesophageal refluxEnteric coated tabletsDissolutionstability     
310,526 views
93,200 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.010

Contributors:

 Aditya Gupta
,
 Gurdeep Singh
Research PaperID: AJPTR101011

A Review On Influence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine In Type 2 Diabetic Patient

Abhishek MJ, Aji Varghese, K.Krishnakumar, Igna Thankachan

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) refers to a wide range of clinical therapies outside of conventional medicine the term “complementary “ refers to  the therapy that are used in conjunction with conventional medicine where as alternative medicine includes therapy that are used in place of conventional medicine. The term “integrative medicine that has been advocated by some CAM providers More than one-third of patients with diabetes in the united state use some type of complementary and alternative medicine herbs, dietary   supplements and mind body medicine are the most commonly used studies and CAM modalities to treat diabetes including proposed mechanisms a summary of evidence and adverse effect. It also offers recommendation for counseling patient regarding CAM use. The use of CAM for patients with diabetes was reported to be common in almost all parts of the world However, different definitions were used for CAM, which was one of the reasons for a wide range of prevalence of CAM use ranging from 17% to 73% CAM use prevalence in the USA ranged from 31% to 57% among diabetes patients , 63% in Bahrain 62% in Mexico 7% in UK  and 25% in Canada  China had a long tradition of use of herbal medicine for diabetes The findings of a systematic review reported that Chinese herbal medicines were reported to be more effective for diabetes compared with lifestyle modification alone  In China, traditional medicines accounts for 40% of all healthcare.

CAMDiabetes
310,742 views
93,148 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.011

Contributors:

 Abhishek MJ
,
 Aji Varghese
,
 K.Krishnakumar
,
 Igna Thankachan
Research PaperID: AJPTR101012

Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Determination of Degradation Impurities for the Qualification of Mebevrine HCl

Parag Mahadik, Senthilkumar GP

Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation degradation impurities of Mebeverine HCl in bulk drug is illustrated. The method consists of; Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile and Mobile phase A: 0.051 M Phosphate buffer (pH-4.5) in gradient pump mode. A linear response was observed in the range of 0.8 to 48 µg/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.999 for both Mebeverine HCl and Veratric acid. The force degradation study was performed to determine the degradation pathways which also proves the specificity of the method. The method is cost effective as well as sensitive. Validation parameters were carried out as per the guidelines of International Conference for Harmonization.

HPLCMebeverine HClVeratric acidValidation and Method development.
310,513 views
93,148 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.012

Contributors:

 Parag Mahadik
,
 Senthilkumar GP
Research PaperID: AJPTR101013

Medicinal Natural Drug of Valerian (Valerina Officinalis): An- Over Review

Chetan N. Lanje, Swapnil R. Patil, AM. Wankhade

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) belonging to valerianaceae family is a well-known herb and medicinal plant that has been widely used all over the world especially in Europe, China and Middle East. It is widely used as a sleep aid and sedative in many parts of the world but is also known to relax smooth muscle, hence used for treating  stomach and intestine cramps. Alkaloids, terpenes, organic acids and its derivatives, valepotriates and flavones are the known pharmacologically active compounds found in valerian extract. In general, it is accepted that the valepotriates are the compounds responsible for the sedative activity of the Valerianaceae. The present article aims at reviewing the recent reports on its constituents, traditional use, clinical use and scientific verification of pharmacological actions of valerian.

V. officinalisActive constituentsEffectivenessValerian ExtractPhotochemistryPharmacology
310,680 views
93,275 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.013

Contributors:

 Chetan N. Lanje
,
 Swapnil R. Patil
,
 AM. Wankhade
Research PaperID: AJPTR101014

Myocardial Infraction: Etiology, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management

Neha A. Khadse, Anjali M. Wankhade, Ajit G. Gaiki

Cardiovascular disease is considered the major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Also myocardial infraction is the main health problem. In 2015, about 15.9 million myocardial infraction occurred throughout the world. In the United States about one million people have an MI each year. Modifiable risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, depression, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, life style and excessive alcohol intake. Family history is also responsible for cardiovascular disease. Reperfusion injury include coronary thrombus formation followed by thrombolytic therapy.  By the physical examination with electrocardiogram findings and cardiac markers MI is diagnosed. Therapeutic intervention such as pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic and combination therapy improves the clinical outcomes in MI patient. This review focus on the risk factors, pathophysiology in relation to produce myocardial injury and on the cardioprotective treatment.

Myocardial infractionPathophysiologyrisk factorsCardiac injuryManagement.
310,797 views
93,264 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.014

Contributors:

 Neha A. Khadse
,
 Anjali M. Wankhade
,
 Ajit G. Gaiki
Research PaperID: AJPTR101015

Review on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis, Management and Treatment

Sayali V. Kathale, JV Vyas

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome and major chronic liver disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and ultimately death. Although its progression rate may be slower than that other types of liver disease and the incidence of which is rising rapidly due to the increasing epidemic of obesity in both children and adults, worldwide. The accumulation of fat followed by subsequent inflammation is central to the development of liver injury, and is influenced by host factors including age, gender, presence of diabetes, genetic polymorphism and recently gut microbiome. NAFLD is also a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which is the commonest cause of mortality. The natural history of NAFLD remains unclear. Lifestyle modification that including diet, exercise and weight reduction may be the best way to manage disease and one of the best advice for patients. This review focusses on the pathogenesis and evolution of new approaches to the management and treatment of NAFLD.

non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseobesityfibrosissteatosisinsulin resistance.
311,203 views
93,381 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.015

Contributors:

 Sayali V. Kathale
,
 JV Vyas
Research PaperID: AJPTR101016

Formulation and Evaluation of Natural Gum Based Fast Dissolving Tablet

Lochna.L.Malode, Sandeep.C.Atram, Swapnil.R.Patil, Priya.D.Talwekar

Current research is focused on formulation and evaluation of natural gum based fast dissolving tablet of aceclofenac by applying 32 factorial design. Direct compression method was used. Two factors as independent variable (x1)okra gum (x2) sodium saccharin glycol ate were taken with three level (+1, 0,-1) .The level two factors were selected on basis of preliminary experiments conducted and their effect on dependent variable (disintegration time ,in vitro drug release) was estimated formulated tablets were evaluated for parameters (hardness, thickness, weight variance, wetting time and water absorption ratio, disintegration time ,friability,% commutative drug release ).the software design expert (11.0) was used for gee rating experimental design ,modeling the response surface and calculating the static evaluation .The tablet parameters tests of formulation (F1 TO F 10 ) were observed within prescribe limit. DT observed in the range of 51 sec to 9 min. % cumulative drug release 0.31 % to 107.97 %. Batch F10 was observed as promising batch with DT values 46 sec.

AceclofenacAbelmoschus esculent us mucilage powderFast Dissolving tabletspharmaceutical excipients.
311,040 views
93,440 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.016

Contributors:

 Lochna.L.Malode
,
 Sandeep.C.Atram
,
 Swapnil.R.Patil
,
 Priya.D.Talwekar
Research PaperID: AJPTR101017

RP-HPLC Technique for the Assurance of Mebendazole In Unadulterated and In Tablet Measurements

M.Gopala Krishna, M.Subba Rao

A new RP-HPLC method for the assay of mebendazole in in unadulterated and in tablet measurements has been developed and validated. The present chromatographic study was carried on μ Bondapak® C18 (250X4.6 mm), 5μm with a flow rate of 1.0mL/min of mobile phase and UV detection at of 218nm and ambient column temperature with mobile phase of NaH2PO4 buffer(pH-5.0) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 65:35%v/v as the mobile phase. The retention time for mebendazole were found to be 2.60mins respectively. The developed RP-HPLC method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was found to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.

Mebendazoletablet measurements and ICH Guidelines.
311,432 views
93,501 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.017

Contributors:

 M.Gopala Krishna
,
 M.Subba Rao
Research PaperID: AJPTR101018

Prospective Study On Effectiveness and Usage Pattern of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents In Patients With Anaemia Of Chronic Kidney Disease

Prashant Kumar Sah, Arathi S Nair, Shoaib Ahmed, Umesh Yadav, Dharshini NM, Mahadevamma L

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) characterized by progressive decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), is major public health issue associated with morbidity and mortality. Anaemia is one of the most common problems causing morbidity in patients with CKD while they are on dialysis.  Erythropoietin is a major advance in the management of anaemia in CKD which stimulates erythropoiesis by increasing proliferation and maturation of erythroid progenitors and thereby treats anaemia. Prescribing pattern, effectiveness and cost of erythropoietin therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease. This was a Prospective and Observational study conducted for 06 months after obtaining IEC from Apollo Multi-Specialty Hospital, Bengaluru. Patients were enrolled based on enrolment criteria. Data were analysed using suitable statistical tool. Of 152 patients enrolled, 77 (50.65%) patients were in the age group ≥ 60 years, second generation ESAs was mostly prescribed 119(78.28%) than third 01(0.65%) and first 32(21.05%). Significant increase in Haemoglobin, RBC, PCV was observed. We have demonstrated that ESAs were prescribed majorly in Nephrology compared to medicine department. Second generation ESAs were prescribed mostly, darbepoetin alfa 40mcg were preferred over other doses. The changes in Hb, PCV and RBC were significant suggesting ESAs as effective. The side effects reported were less, common and mostly unrelated to ESAs. Based on these finding, we suggest that ESAs is prescribed majorly in Nephrology and is effective and safe in managing anaemia of CKD.

Erythropoietin therapyErythropoietin Stimulating AgentsChronic Kidney DiseaseAnaemiacost analysis
311,531 views
93,435 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.018

Contributors:

 Prashant Kumar Sah
,
 Arathi S Nair
,
 Shoaib Ahmed
,
 Umesh Yadav
,
 Dharshini NM
,
 Mahadevamma L
Research PaperID: AJPTR101019

Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Climbazole in Climbazole Shampoo

Rajashree N. Patil, Pratiksha A. Patil, Swapnil R. Patil, Amol Sawale

To develop and validate simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method for estimation of Climbazole in Climbazole shampoo. The drug is freely soluble in organic solvents such as Chloroform and Methanol. The drug was identified in terms of solubility studies and on the basis of melting point done on Melting Point Apparatus of Equiptronics. It showed absorption maxima were determined in Methanol: Water (50:50). The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation of concentration with absorption which reflect in linearity. The UV spectroscopic method was developed for estimation of Climbazole in shampoo dosage form and also validated as per ICH guidelines. The drug is freely soluble in organic solvents such as Methanol, Chloroform. So, the Analytical Grade Methanol: Water is used as a diluent in equal proportion for method. The melting point of Climbazole was found to be 93-94?C (uncorrected). It showed absorption maxima 256 nm in Methanol: Water (50:50). On the basis of absorption spectrum the working concentration was set on 6µg/ml (PPM). The linearity was observed between 2-10 μg/ml (PPM). The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was found to be 98.75, 98.00 and 99.17% for three levels respectively. The % RSD for precision was found to be 0.47%. A simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method has been developed for estimation of Climbazole in shampoo dosage form. The method could be considered for the determination of Climbazole in quality control laboratories.

ClimbazoleDevelopmentUV SpectrophotometerMelting PointAssay MethodValidation+4 more
311,747 views
93,517 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.019

Contributors:

 Rajashree N. Patil
,
 Pratiksha A. Patil
,
 Swapnil R. Patil
,
 Amol Sawale
Research PaperID: AJPTR101020

Self-Micro-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) - A Novel Approach

Jitendra Vijay Shinde, Ankita Anil Orpe, Vijay Premchand Munde, Yashashree Hauserao Nimbalkar

Self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are one of the proven methods to increase solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. SMEDDS are isotropic mixtures, consisting of oils, surfactants, and sometimes co solvents. Designed formulations are used to improve the oral absorption of highly lipophilic compounds. Multiple lipid-based drug delivery systems are widely reported in the literature and they include simple oil solutions, coarse, multiple and dry emulsions, and more complex self-emulsifying, micro emulsifying or nano emulsifying drug delivery systems. The process of self-emulsification is dependent on diverse factors such as the nature of oil, surfactant, cosurfactant, oil/surfactant ratio, and the polarity of the emulsion. Considering the ease of large-scale production and the robustness of SMEDDS, several formulations are commercially available which utilize this technology. This article attempts to present an overview of SMEDDS along with their applications, compiled literature data, commercially available products, and their descriptions.

Poorly soluble drugsSurfactantCosurfactant
311,591 views
93,577 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2020.v10.i1.020

Contributors:

 Jitendra Vijay Shinde
,
 Ankita Anil Orpe
,
 Vijay Premchand Munde
,
 Yashashree Hauserao Nimbalkar

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