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📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

June 2019 Issue 3

Volume 9, Issue 3 - $2019

Volume 9 Issue 3 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 9 Issue 3
Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: June 2019 Issue 3

Welcome to the 2019 issue of American Journal of PharmTech Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Hemangi J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of PharmTech Research

Articles in This Issue

Showing 30 of 30 articles
Research PaperID: AJPTR93001

Formulation and Evaluation of SR Tablets of Anti-diabetic drug Gliclazide

Priya Tiwari

Recent advances in Sustained Release Drug delivery System (SRDDS) aim to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for administration and to achieve better patient compliance. This present study showed that the Gliclazide is an oral hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug) and is classified as a sulfonylurea. Its classification has been ambiguous, as literature used it as both a first generation and second generation sulfonylurea. Gliclazide was shown to protect human pancreatic beta-cells from hypoglycemia-induced apoptosis. It was shown to have an anti-atherogenic effect (preventing accumulation of fat in arteries) in type II diabetes. Gliclazide is used in the tablet form for antidiabetic effect.

GliclazideSustained release tabletPharmacokinetic studydiabetesGLIglipizide.
297,782 views
89,415 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.001

Contributors:

 Priya Tiwari
Research PaperID: AJPTR93002

Protection against Cholinesterase and Oxidative Stress Contributes to The Effect of Rutin ameliorating Ethanol-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Rats

Shaktipal Patil, Amrapali Mhaiskar, Ujwal Katolkar, Vikram Nimbhorkar, Dharmendra Mundhada

Ethanol-induced memory impairment in rats is a consequence of changes within the central nervous system that are secondary to impaired oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction. Treatment with antioxidants and cholinergic agonists are reported to produce beneficial effects in animal models. Rutin is reported to exhibit antioxidant effect and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor activity. However, no report is available on the influence of rutin on ethanol-induced memory impairment. Therefore, we tested its influence against cognitive dysfunction in ethanol-induced rats using Morris water maze test and Novel object recognition test. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels as parameter of oxidative stress and ChE activity as a marker of cholinergic function were assessed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Forty five days after ethanol treated rats showed a severe deficit in learning and memory associated with increased lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione, and elevated ChE activity. In contrast, chronic treatment with rutin (20-80 mg/kg, p.o., once a day for 45 days) and vitamin C (100 mg/kg, p.o.) improved cognitive performance, and lowered oxidative stress and ChE activity in ethanol treated rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that treatment with rutin prevents the changes in oxidative stress and ChE activity, and consequently memory impairment in ethanol treated rats.

RutinEthanolMemory impairmentOxidative stressMorris water maze.
297,876 views
89,396 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.002

Contributors:

 Shaktipal Patil
,
 Amrapali Mhaiskar
,
 Ujwal Katolkar
,
 Vikram Nimbhorkar
,
 Dharmendra Mundhada
Research PaperID: AJPTR93003

90 Day Repeat DOSE Oral Toxicity Study of GM Derived Cotton Seed In Wistar Rats

Priya Singh

GM derived seed is one type of powered test item. It is used in 90 day repeat oral toxicity  studies. Powered is administered orally to wistar rats for a period of 90 days. This study also compared the profile of the GM derived cotton seed with the non GM derived cotton seed at the highest does tested. The study was performed to generate information on major systemic toxic effects (if any), target organs and an estimate of the No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) / No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and also reversibility of observed changes, if any, after discontinuation of treatment with the Test Items.

GM Derived Cotton Seed CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose)oral doseNOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level.
298,113 views
89,423 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.003

Contributors:

 Priya Singh
Research PaperID: AJPTR93004

Effectiveness of Calotropis Gigantean Linn Flower Extract as Indicator for Acid-Base Titration and Development of Litmus Paper

Satwashila Shahajirao Kadam, Pravin Mhadev Salgar, priyanka Tanaji Sakate, Dr. Shitalkumar S. Patil

A study has been done to examine the indicator action of methanolic extract of flower Calotropis gigantean Linn and development of litmus paper. Calotropis gigantean Linn belongs to family Apocynaceae, Methanolic extract of flower Calotropis gigantean Linn was examined and compared with that of previously present synthetic indicators. Flowers were extracted using methanol, a specific volume was added which gave perfect and reliable results for all the four different types of neutralization titrations. Developed litmus paper shows changed colour in Basic medium. The work shows that natural indicator and developed litmus paper was very useful, economical, simple and accurate.

Acid-base titrationnatural indicatorCalotropis gigantean Linn.
298,120 views
89,481 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.004

Contributors:

 Satwashila Shahajirao Kadam
,
 Pravin Mhadev Salgar
,
 priyanka Tanaji Sakate
,
 Dr. Shitalkumar S. Patil
Research PaperID: AJPTR93005

Antibiotic Utilization Pattern In LSCS Patients

V.Krishnaraju, Haleema Fatima, Samreen Unisaa, Syed Adnan Mohiuddin Hussaini, Syed Aseem Ullah, Mohammad Maaz

Cesarean surgical site infections can be prevented by proper preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Differences in antibiotic selection in clinical practice exist according to clinicians preferences despite clear guidelines on preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The present study thus attempted to understand the antibiotic usage pattern among Lower segment Cesarian section (LSCS) patients in Hyderabad. Subjects for study were patients attending private hospitals in Hyderabad. Case records of LSCS patients who were prescribed antibiotics were used for extraction of relevant data. Other gynecological patients were excluded from the study.  The mean age of LSCS patients was 24.57 years. The average number of antibiotics per patient was 2.2. The average number of other drugs per encounter was 6.45. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was Ceftriaxone followed by Metronidazole. More than 80% of infections were treated with a combination of antimicrobials. In present study, all antibiotics were prescribed in generic name. Polypharmacy was evident from the study. All the antibiotics were given in multiple doses and the administration of antibiotics were given before incision in all patients. Considering spectrum of activity, sensitivity against resistant pathogens and less toxicity, third generation cephalosporins, especially ceftriaxone has been widely used in India for surgical prophylaxis. The common use of ceftriazone and metronidazole could be related to the possibility of mixed infections in LSCS patients. The overall antibiotic usage in LSCS patients were acceptable as per WHO “World Health Organization” standards and the general gynecological practice around the globe. Properly designed studies to access safety and efficacy of single dose vs multiple dose of antibiotics, pre and post incision antibiotic administration is need of the hour.

AntimicrobialsEmpiricalProphylactic useCesarean SectionLSCS
298,336 views
89,531 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.005

Contributors:

 V.Krishnaraju
,
 Haleema Fatima
,
 Samreen Unisaa
,
 Syed Adnan Mohiuddin Hussaini
,
 Syed Aseem Ullah
,
 Mohammad Maaz
Research PaperID: AJPTR93006

Stay Your Heart Young Using Regenerative Strategy

Dalvi Apeksha M, Patel Salim G, Hande Swapnali D

Adult mammals undergo minimal regeneration having cardiac injury or ongoing burden of heart failure. Recent studies have established the importance of several evolutionary conserved mechanism of heart renovation by cyclic division of differentiated cardiomyocyte, cardiomyocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix and heart regeneration, tissue engineering, transcription profile of cardiomyocytein development and regeneration, stem cell derived cardiomyocyte, and there transplantation. The c-kit-expressing cardiomyocyte stem cell also provide. The DNA translation is also occurs in regeneration process. In the review is part of special issue related to continuous renovation on cardiomyocyte and there related mechanism involved and gives future concept about novel biotechnology and tissue engineering.

Cardio cell cardiomyocytedifferentiation and proliferationregenerationtransplantationtissue engineering.
298,650 views
89,557 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.006

Contributors:

 Dalvi Apeksha M
,
 Patel Salim G
,
 Hande Swapnali D
Research PaperID: AJPTR93007

A Comprehensive Review On Herbal Drug Standardization

Kiran Kulkarni, Gorakhnath Jagtap, Shrikant Magdum

Now days more importance has been given to use medicinal plant products in healthcare system.it fulfills worldwide need of alternative medicine so traditional systems of medicine becomes more and more popular. It involves Proper combination of modern scientific techniques and traditional knowledge.  The quality of herbal products is checked through  stability testing studies which depends on various  factors, such as temperature, humidity, light, oxygen, moisture, other ingredient , microbial contamination, trace metal contamination, leaching from the container, etc. Therefore such studies involves various types of evaluation such as chemical, physical, microbiological, therapeutic and toxicological studies can serve as an important tool in stability studies. Standardization of herbal drugs means confirmation of its identity, Quality and purity. The present study includes review of various standardization parameters with their effectivity towards the quality herbal drugs. Present article also overviews various well-designed methodologies, techniques such as Chromatography, Spectroscopic tech. for the standardization of herbal raw materials and herbal formulations.

Herbal drugStandardization of herbal formulationwell-designed methodologiesStability studies.
298,536 views
89,620 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.007

Contributors:

 Kiran Kulkarni
,
 Gorakhnath Jagtap
,
 Shrikant Magdum
Research PaperID: AJPTR93008

RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Lenvatinib In Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Lakshmi Kanth M, Raj Kamal B

The objective of present work was to develop and validate a rapid reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantitative analysis of lenvatinib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic analyses were performed on an ODC column of 250mm 4.6mm: i.d and 5µ particle size with a mobile phase comprising of 0.5M ammonium acetate and acetonitrile in the ratio 90:10 v/v. The   flow rate maintained at 1 ml/min, detected lenvatinib at RT 1.15 minutes. The lenvatinib was detected and quantitated using a photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 367 nm. The method was shown to be specific and linear in the range of 20-120?g/ml (r2= 0.999). The precision (intra- and inter-day) was demonstrated. The method is robust relative to changes in flow rate, column and temperature. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.4 and 0.12µg/ml respectively. Validation parameters such as specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were evaluated for the method according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 R1 guidelines. The method fulfilled the requirements for reliability and feasibility for application to the quantitative analysis of lenvatinib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Lenvatinibthyroid CancerICH guidelinesaccuracyLODLOQ
298,668 views
89,731 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.008

Contributors:

 Lakshmi Kanth M
,
 Raj Kamal B
Research PaperID: AJPTR93009

Area under curve UV spectrophotometric method for determination of captopril in bulk and chromatographic method development for the identification of captopril by TLC.

Borhade Akshada S, Patel Salim G, Chordiya Bhakti D, Dalvi Apeksha M, Alhat Vidya N

The aim of this work is to establish simple economical, and rapid spectrophotometric and chromatographic identification method for qualification of captopril in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. The work was carried out to for estimation of captopril in bulk pharmaceutical from by utilizing area under curve (AUC)method using UV –Visible Spectrophotometry .For this purpose the wavelength range 200-400 nm was selected. Thin-Layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography used to separate non-volatile mixtures. TLC can be used for monitoring the progress of a reaction ,identification compounds present in a given mixture, and determination of active pharmaceutical ingredient .TLC analysis of captopril in pharmaceutical and for using this method of analysis in future for the development of bio analytical method .for TLC the mobile phase with different concentration was used .we have established that the most perfect RF observed using mobile phase .chloroform –methanol are used (9:1)and (8:2) ratio .the development method was found to be simple ,linear ,precise ,accurate and sensitive which can be used for routine analysis for spectrophotometric and Thin-layer chromatographic method estimation of active pharmaceutical Ingredient.

CaptoprilThin layer chromatographySpectroscopicmethod developmentAUCAngiotensin.
298,796 views
89,689 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.009

Contributors:

 Borhade Akshada S
,
 Patel Salim G
,
 Chordiya Bhakti D
,
 Dalvi Apeksha M
,
 Alhat Vidya N
Research PaperID: AJPTR93010

Synthesis of Biofuel from vegetable oils

Alhat Vidya N. Dalvi Apeksha M. Borhade Akshda S. Nilakh Sayali P

Biodiesel is a renewable, clean burning diesel replacement that is reducing dependence of foreign petroleum, creating jobs and improving the environment. Made from recycled cooking oil, soya bean oil and animal fats. Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. To meet increasing energy requirements there has been growing interest in alternative fuel. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from cooking oil by transesterification process. The most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. 

cooking oilpotassium hydroxidemethanolsodium thiosulphate.
299,099 views
89,808 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.010

Contributors:

 Alhat Vidya N. Dalvi Apeksha M. Borhade Akshda S. Nilakh Sayali P
Research PaperID: AJPTR93011

Benign Breast Diseases In Women: A Review

Adepu Usha Sree, Appam. Harinandini, Avinassh Tippani, Shyam sunder

Benign breast diseases can occur any time during the life span of a female [1]. Breast is a dynamic organ which undergoes cyclical changes throughout a woman’s reproductive life. Hormones and growth factors acting on the epithelial and stromal elements right from the onset of puberty till menopause cause significant morphological changes leading to Aberration in Normal Development and Involution (ANDI) inflicting majority of benign breast illnesses. [2]

Beningn breast diseasesFibroadenomaFibroadenosisBreast abscess.
298,970 views
89,850 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.011

Contributors:

 Adepu Usha Sree
,
 Appam. Harinandini
,
 Avinassh Tippani
,
 Shyam sunder
Research PaperID: AJPTR93012

Review on Marine Sponge: Derived Natural Products and formulations

Shital R. Ingole1* Mukund G. Tawar, Adnya D. Bahurupi, Prashant J. Burange

Sponges are the rich sources of bioactive natural products from marine habitats. Since many sponges harbor diverse bacterial communities, it has long been suspected that many sponge‐derived compounds are of microbial origin. The present review gives a comprehensive overview of the source, taxonomy, country of origin or geographical position, chemical class, and biological activity of sponge-derived new natural products. Also this review aims at describing some of the most highly cited reviews of the last decade on sponge-derived bioactive compounds and the most promising substances extracted and isolated from marine sponges for pharmaceutical applications. Preset study gives new developments in the field of marine sponge metabolite research and important findings for bioactive compounds from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies for therapeutic drug applications.

Marine drugSpongesphylum Porifera.
299,343 views
89,814 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.012

Contributors:

 Shital R. Ingole1* Mukund G. Tawar
,
 Adnya D. Bahurupi
,
 Prashant J. Burange
Research PaperID: AJPTR93013

Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded Thermo-reversible Nasal In-situ Gel Containing Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis (L.) Extract

Yogesh S.Thorat, Parikshit D.Shirure, Naushad N. Mirza, Avinash H.Hosmani

The present study was aimed to formulate Solid lipid nanoparticles loaded thermo-reversible nasal In-situ gel containing Hibiscus Rosa sinensis extract by cold technique to impart better anti-depressant activity. It can improve the penetration of drug to CNS and shows faster pharmacological action. Thermo- reversible nasal In-situ gel were prepared by Poloxamer188 (PluronicF68) with mucoadhesive polymer polymers Carbopol 940. Nasal drug delivery systems are better imparts the Anti-depressant activity. The pH of the formulations was found to be within the range of 6.4 to 7.4. Viscosity of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded thermo- reversible nasal in-situ gel was found to be (212 cps to 409.6) for the sol, where as for the gels it was upto (38969 cps). The Spreadability SLN loaded In-situ nasal gel was found to be 25.19 (gm.cm/sec).The optimized formulation showed a drug release of 72.17% in 5hrs.

SLN loaded nasal in-situ gelPoloxamer188Carbopol 940.
299,614 views
89,896 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.013

Contributors:

 Yogesh S.Thorat
,
 Parikshit D.Shirure
,
 Naushad N. Mirza
,
 Avinash H.Hosmani
Research PaperID: AJPTR93014

Formulation Development and Optimization by 2X3 Factorial Design of Novel Prednisone Loaded Mucoadhesive Liposomal Formulation

Priyanka Raj G, Parthiban S, Senthil Kumar GP

The aim of the present investigation was to design a mucoadhesive liposomal system of Prednisone for the treatment of arthritis, severe allergic reaction multiple sclerosis that is capable of delivering entrapped drug over an extended period of time. Mucoadhesive liposomal formulations were prepared by different concentration of lecithin and cholesterol by thin film hydration technique followed by coating of liposomes by 0.2 % w/v of chitosan and Liposomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology and in-vitro drug release and stability study of coated formulation. Particle size of the F4, F5 and F6 formulation was found to be 212 nm, 131 nm and 340 nm respectively and zeta potential were -164.9 mV, 165 mV and -9.6 mV, respectively. Highest entrapment efficiency was observed in the ranged of 83 % to 98% for formulation F1 Ë—F8 and CF1-CF2 were 90.87 % to 94.68%.  The percent drug release from F1-F8 was varied and affected by drug loading, soyalecitin and cholesterol concentration and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. 2x3 factorial design were applied and studied the effect of parameter on entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release at 2hrs, 6hrs, 12 hrs by using QI Macros R software.

Predisonemucoadhesive liposomethin film hydration methodstability studiesin-vitro release.
299,421 views
89,829 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.014

Contributors:

 Priyanka Raj G
,
 Parthiban S
,
 Senthil Kumar GP
Research PaperID: AJPTR93015

Solid Dispersion Method for Design of Donepezil Orodispersible Tablets: Formulation & Characterization

Naga Sai D, Krishna Veni V, Chandra Sekhar SB, Bhavani B

Donepezil HCl is an anti Alzheimer’s drug of the acetylcholinesterase class. It is widely used in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and to control dementia. Orodispersable Tablets (ODTs) containing Donepezil HCl was prepared using super-disintegrant (croscarmellose sodium) by direct compression method using solid dispersion technique to mask the taste of the drug. Three types of excipient were used to mask the taste namely Mannitol, PEG 6000 and PVP K 30 in three different ratios (i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) using solvent evaporation method in solid dispersion technique. The optimized formulation shows the minimum disintegration time of 50 sec and release maximum amount of drug in 10 min. Short term stability studies indicated no significant changes in hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time, drug content and in vitro drug release.

Donepezil HClSolid dispersionOral dispersible tablet
299,426 views
89,929 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.015

Contributors:

 Naga Sai D
,
 Krishna Veni V
,
 Chandra Sekhar SB
,
 Bhavani B
Research PaperID: AJPTR93016

Development and Evaluation of Floating Microspheres Containing Candesartan Cilexetil

Madhuri MD, Manjunath K, Suresh V Kulkarni

The aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate floating microspheres containing candesartan cilexetil in order to achieve extended release of drug and thereby to enhance the patient compliance. Floating microspheres were prepared by using solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were formulated using different polymers like ethyl cellulose, HPMC K4M and eudragit RSPO 100 in different concentrations and combinations. The prepared floating microspheres were characterized for their percentage yield (95.44 - 98.52%), drug entrapment efficiencies (71.52 - 97.87 %) and percentage buoyancy (93.45 - 98.66%). The FTIR and DSC studies revealed absence of interactions between drug and selected polymers. In vitro release studies were performed in 0.1 N HCl which showed a drug release of 97.62 % at 24 hour in case of formulation (F7). Fitting the in vitro drug release data to Korsmeyer equation indicated that Fickian diffusion is the mechanism of drug release.

Candesartan cilexetilFloating MicrospheresFTIREthyl celluloseHPMC K4MEudragit RSPO 100.
299,826 views
89,887 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.016

Contributors:

 Madhuri MD
,
 Manjunath K
,
 Suresh V Kulkarni
Research PaperID: AJPTR93017

In vitro antimicrobial screening of isolated ethyl acetate fraction from Heterophragma adenophyllum leaves.

Vilas Surana, Dinesh R Shah, Sri Hari Mishra

The present study aimed to screen the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction isolated from the leaves of Heterophragma adenophyllum against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis and Klebsiella pneumonia broad spectrum microorganism. The study was carried out by using standard nutrient broth for microbes and streptomycin was taken as a positive control. Ethyl acetate fraction used as a test sample and DMSO as a negative control. From the results of the zone of inhibition it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction was pusses in vitro antimicrobial activity while results of minimum inhibitory concentration, it was revealed that all bacterial strains were sensitive towards selected fraction for the study.

AntimicrobialHeterophragma adenophyllumethyl acetate fraction.
299,733 views
90,034 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.017

Contributors:

 Vilas Surana
,
 Dinesh R Shah
,
 Sri Hari Mishra
Research PaperID: AJPTR93018

Formulation and Evaluation of Liquid-Solid Compact of Mebendazole for Better Dissolution Rate

Yogesh S.Thorat, Naushad N.Mirza, Krishnamurty A. Kamlapurkar, Navnath H. Sonawane, Avinash H.Hosmani

Mebendazole is a poorly soluble, highly permeable drug and the rate of its oral absorption is often controlled by the dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal. The poor dissolution rate of water-insoluble drugs is still a major problem confronting the pharmaceutical industry. There are several techniques to enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. Among them, the technique of Liquisolid compacts is a promising technique towards such a novel aim. In this study, the dissolution behaviour of mebendazole from liquisolid compacts was investigated in 0.1 N HCl. Liquisolid compacts were prepared by using PEG 400 as the liquid vehicle or non-volatile solvent. Avicel PH 102 as absorbing carrier and Aerosil 200 as adsorbing coating material. The ratio of carrier to coating powder material were kept different in formulations. The prepared liquisolid compacts were evaluated for their micromeritic properties and possible excipients interactions. The tableting properties were falling within acceptable limits. The in vitro dissolution study confirmed increase in drug release from liquisolid compacts compared to marketed preparation. This was due to an increase in wetting properties and surface of drug available for dissolution.

MebendazoleLiquisolid compactsDissolution rateLiquid medicationSolubility.
300,165 views
90,074 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.018

Contributors:

 Yogesh S.Thorat
,
 Naushad N.Mirza
,
 Krishnamurty A. Kamlapurkar
,
 Navnath H. Sonawane
,
 Avinash H.Hosmani
Research PaperID: AJPTR93019

Development and Validation of Adenosine by RP-HPLC Method in Bulk drug and Pharmaceutical dosage forms

Sachi Upasani, Prashik Dudhe, Balu Khandare, Manoj Dhoke

A simple, economic, selective, precise and accurate High-Performance liquid Chromatographic method used for the estimation of Adenosine in bulk drug. The mobile phase used was of Mixture of Acetonitrile and water in the proportion 5:95 respectively. This Mobile phase was allowed to flow at rate of 0.8ml/min. And this was found to give a sharp peak of Adenosine at a retention time of 3.78 min. Analysis of HPLC for Adenosine was carried out at a wavelength of 256 nm. Linear regression analysis data for the Calibration curve showed a good linear relationship, in concentration range of 50-100ppm and regression coefficient 0.991. The linear regression equation was Y=71258× the developed method was employed with a high degree of precision and accuracy for the analysis of adenosine. The inter and intraday variation was less than 2%. The mean recovery of the drug was 99.39%. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, and reproducible hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Adenosine.

RP-HPLCAdenosineprecisionaccuracy.
299,936 views
90,124 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.019

Contributors:

 Sachi Upasani
,
 Prashik Dudhe
,
 Balu Khandare
,
 Manoj Dhoke
Research PaperID: AJPTR93020

Development of A Hospital Formulary In A Tertiary Care Hospital

Sridhar Srimath Tirumala Konduru, Nookala Pratyusha, Kowtharapu Yogitha

One of the important fundamental human rights is access to health care. Various governments have shown international agreements about this right. Disease management and prevention is mainly through drugs. Complete information about the drugs is given in World Health Organization (WHO) formularies. Aim of the study was to develop a hospital formulary in a tertiary care hospital. Drug list comprising of 450 drugs was collected from hospital pharmacy. After scrutinizing the list for unutilized and banned drugs, a total of 423 drugs were selected to prepare monographs for hospital formulary. The hospital formulary book was distributed to the doctors, nursing staff and pharmacy to avoid medication administrative errors and also to provide ease of reference. The formulary was also designed in a way to help the patients receive drugs economically by including the high quality drugs of affordable brands. Results showed that fixed dose combinations accounts for highest percentage of drugs in Varma hospital formulary i.e., 22.22% (n=94) whereas it is only 8.19% (n=28) in National formulary of India whereas blood products accounts least i.e., 1.89% (n=8) in Varma hospital formulary and 1.46% (n=5) in National formulary of India. Development of hospital formulary system helps in reducing the number of brands for the same drug, selecting the drugs at affordable cost with superior quality. On a whole, the formulary helps in providing quality treatment to the patient in a standardized way.

Hospital formularydrugsVarma hospital formularybrands
300,479 views
90,147 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.020

Contributors:

 Sridhar Srimath Tirumala Konduru
,
 Nookala Pratyusha
,
 Kowtharapu Yogitha
Research PaperID: AJPTR93021

A Review On Substituted Benzimidazoles: Biologically Active Compounds

Indira. M. Madawali, Gaviraj E. N, Navanath. V. Kalyane and B. Shivakumar

Benzimidazole is the heterocyclic compound which contains a phenyl ring fused to an imidazole ring, Benzimidazole analogs are of crucial importance because of their different clinical applications and biological activity. Benzimidazoles are known as an optimistic class of bioactive heterocyclic compounds possessing a wide variety of biological activities. Benzimidazole derivatives play an important role in medical field with so many pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer activity, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiproliferative, antitumor, anti-HIV, anticonvulsant, antiprotozoal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, androgen receptor antagonist, vasorelaxant etc. This review is summarized to understand the chemistry of various derivatives of substituted benzimidazoles with their pharmacological activities.

Substituted BenzimidazolesChemistryPharmacological activities.
300,209 views
90,081 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.021

Contributors:

 Indira. M. Madawali
,
 Gaviraj E. N
,
 Navanath. V. Kalyane and B. Shivakumar
Research PaperID: AJPTR93022

Design and Development of Medicated Lollipop Containing Albendazole

Smitha Shetty, Krishnananda Kamath K, Ramakrishna Shabaraya, Fmith Celvia Miranda

The present work is aimed at Design and development of medicated lollipop containing Albendazole. One of the major health problems faced by hundreds of millions of school-age children is infection by helminths, more commonly known as worms. Albendazole is used as abroad-spectrum anthelmintic. The conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, syrups etc are inconvenient for paediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients because of difficult to swallow tablets and capsules or unpleasant taste of drug. As a result, the demand for developing new technologies has been increasing day by day. Lollipops are defined as the flavoured medicated dosage forms intended to be sucked and held in the mouth or pharynx containing one or more medicaments usually in the sweetened base.  Medicated lollipop is designed to improve patient compliance and increase oral retention time. The lollipops were prepared by heating and congealing method using hydroxypropylmethylcelluloseK4M as polymer. Drug-excipient compatibility study was carried out using FTIR. All the formulations were subjected to various physicochemical evaluations like weight variation, hardness, drug content, friability etc. The in-vitro dissolution study of F3 was carried out by two method a) Paddle method b) flow through cell method .The in-vitro permeation  study of F3 was found to be 72.2% at 30 min. Stability study was carried out as per ICH-Guidelines (Q1A) at 25±2oC/60±5% RH and 40±2oC/75±5% RH . From the present study it can be concluded that addition of hydrophilic polymers yield good result to prolong oral retention time of lollipop.

Medicated lollipopAlbendazoleHydroxypropylmethylcellulose(HPMC K4M)
300,419 views
90,174 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.022

Contributors:

 Smitha Shetty
,
 Krishnananda Kamath K
,
 Ramakrishna Shabaraya
,
 Fmith Celvia Miranda
Research PaperID: AJPTR93023

Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method For Estimation Of Lansoprazole In Capsule Dosage Form

Harshal S. Pawar, Madhuri A. Bhole, Swapnil R. Patil, Kalpesh V. Sonar

To develop and validate simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method for estimation of Lansoprazole in Capsule dosage form. The drug is soluble in analytical grade Methanol. The drug was identified in terms of solubility studies and on the basis of melting point done on melting point apparatus of Equiptronics. It showed absorption maxima were determined in analytical grade Methanol. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation of concentration with absorption which reflect in linearity. The UV spectroscopic method was developed for estimation of Lansoprazole in Capsule dosage form and also validated as per ICH guidelines. The drug is freely soluble in Dimethylformamide, soluble in analytical grade Methanol, sparingly soluble in Ethanol, slightly soluble in Ethyl Acetate, Dichloromethane and Acetonitrile. So, the analytical grade Methanol is used as a diluent in method. The melting point of Lansoprazole was found to be 179-180ËšC (uncorrected). It showed absorption maxima 285 nm in analytical grade Methanol. On the basis of absorption spectrum the working concentration was set on 10µg/ml (PPM). The linearity was observed between 6-14 μg/ml (PPM). The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was found to be 98.75, 99.00 and 100.80 % for three levels respectively. The % RSD for precision was found to be 0.9039 %.A simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method has been developed for estimation of Lansoprazole in Capsule dosage form. The method could be considered for the determination of Lansoprazole in quality control laboratories.

LansoprazoleUV SpectrophotometerMelting PointAssay MethodValidationAccuracy+3 more
300,635 views
90,195 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.023

Contributors:

 Harshal S. Pawar
,
 Madhuri A. Bhole
,
 Swapnil R. Patil
,
 Kalpesh V. Sonar
Research PaperID: AJPTR93024

Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Guaifenesin In Tablet Dosage Form

Ganesh M. Sanap, Prajakta S. Shirode, Kalpesh V. Sonar

To develop and validate simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method for estimation of Guaifenesin in tablet dosage form. The drug is freely soluble in analytical grade Methanol. The drug was identified in terms of solubility studies and on the basis of melting point done on melting point apparatus of Equiptronics. It showed absorption maxima were determined in analytical grade Methanol. The drug obeyed the Beer’s law and showed good correlation of concentration with absorption which reflect in linearity. The UV spectroscopic method was developed for estimation of Guaifenesin in tablet dosage form and also validated as per ICH guidelines. The drug is freely soluble in analytical grade Methanol, moderately soluble in Benzene and soluble in Chloroform, Glycerol. So, the analytical grade Methanol is used as a diluent in method. The melting point of Guaifenesin was found to be 78-79ËšC (uncorrected). It showed absorption maxima 269 nm in analytical grade Methanol. On the basis of absorption spectrum the working concentration was set on 10µg/ml (PPM). The linearity was observed between 6-14 μg/ml (PPM). The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was found to be 98.75, 101 and 99.17% for three levels respectively. The % RSD for precision was found to be 0.97%. A simple, rapid, linear, accurate, precise and economical UV Spectroscopic method has been developed for estimation of Guaifenesin in tablet dosage form. The method could be considered for the determination of Guaifenesin in quality control laboratories.

GuaifenesinUV SpectrophotometerMelting PointAssay MethodValidationAccuracy+3 more
300,869 views
90,316 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.024

Contributors:

 Ganesh M. Sanap
,
 Prajakta S. Shirode
,
 Kalpesh V. Sonar
Research PaperID: AJPTR93025

Psychiatric Disturbance of Corticosteroid Therapy: It’s The Time to Overcome

Nima KV, Lincy George, K Krishnakumar, Jasna Jose

Corticosteroids are the drugs used for multifarious diseases because of their widespread action. It is suggested that these drug use should not be ceased rapidly, rather than it should be finished gently. Due to their diversity of actions and uses, more no of interactions with the drugs and diseases were recorded. It is well known that there is a strong relationship between corticosteroid use and psychiatric effects. Both the steroid induced psychiatric symptoms and diagnosis are uncertain. Hence Pharmacists are the best person to mould a suitable drug therapy and a management regimen for corticosteroids induced adverse events in patients. They can also play an important role in educating the patients about corticosteroids and their psychic disturbances. Since physicians do not take any interest in to alert the patients about the usage, interactions and highly severe psychiatric problems of steroids, the need of pharmacists becomes very important.

SteroidsPsychiatric effectsAdverse Drug Reactions
301,023 views
90,235 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.025

Contributors:

 Nima KV
,
 Lincy George
,
 K Krishnakumar
,
 Jasna Jose
Research PaperID: AJPTR93026

Evaluation of antidepressant Activity of methanolic Extract of Musa x paradisiaca Linn using animal models

GB Alaka Kar, Susanta Kumar Rout, Debashisa Mishra

To investigate the antidepressant Activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Musa x paradisiaca Linn This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible antidepressant effect of Musa x paradisiaca Linn leaf extract (MPLE) on different extracts like chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts using Tail Suspension Test (TST) & Forced Swim Test (FST). 48 albino rats of either sex weighing between 180-220gm were randomly selected and divided into 8 equal groups. Group-I (control) received normal saline (1ml/100gm), Group- IV , V, VI, VII, VIII and IX received CEMPL (Chloroform Extract Musa x paradisiaca Linn) , MEMPL (Methanol  Extract Musa x paradisiaca Linn) and AEMPL (Aqueous Extract Musa x paradisiaca Linn) in doses of   200 and 400 mg/kg orally (P.O.) respectively. Group II & III (positive control) received Fluoxetine & Imipramine at doses of 20mg/kg & 15mg/kg P. O. respectively. Drug treatment was given for seven & fourteen successive day. 60 minutes after last dose of drug or standard the immobility period was recorded. The test compounds like crude methanolic extract at 200, 400 and 500 mg/ kg produced significant antidepressant like effect.  The efficacy of EALE at 200mg/kg was found to be comparable to that of Fluoxetine & Imipramine at doses of 20mg/kg & 15mg/kg.. The results revealed that the crude methanolic extract produces remarkable antidepressant activity by possessing the active compounds such as flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids and saponins.

Musa x paradisiaca LinnTail suspension testAntidepressantsImmobility time.
300,783 views
90,251 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.026

Contributors:

 GB Alaka Kar
,
 Susanta Kumar Rout
,
 Debashisa Mishra
Research PaperID: AJPTR93027

Nanorobots Recent and Future Advances in Cancer or Dentistry Therapy- A Review

Pankaj Bhatt, Ajeet Kumar, Rahul Shukla

Nanorobots are considered to be the next generation of Nanomachine which deals with design and construction of devices at an atomic, molecules or cellular level. These hypothetical Nanorobots will be extremely small and would transverse inside the human blood. In 2015 there were 11,48,692 cases of cancer in India. The present methods for the treatment of cancer are not that effective as 99% of chemotherapy drugs do not reach the cancer cells. However, Nanorobots which are roughly 100 times smaller than human tissues could do this and hence creates a huge area for exploration in the field of biomedical research. As scientists predict in coming years cancer will be a chronic but manageable disease. Especially in the treatment of cancer, Cerebral Aneurysm, kidney stones removal, also to remove the defected part in our DNA structure and some other treatments that have the greatest aid to save human lives. This paper guides to the recent research on Nanorobots in the biomedical applications. Treatment possibilities might include the application of nanotechnology to local anesthesia, dentition denaturalization, the permanent cure for hypersensitivity, complete orthodontic realignment in a single visit, covalently bonded diamondized enamel, and continuous oral health maintenance using mechanical dentifrobots. Nanorobots can offer a number of advantages in drug delivery over present methods. In addition, the current study also involves the future aspects of Nanorobots.

NanorobotsCancer chemotherapyAnticancer DrugsdentistryDental implants
301,287 views
90,325 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.027

Contributors:

 Pankaj Bhatt
,
 Ajeet Kumar
,
 Rahul Shukla
Research PaperID: AJPTR93028

Stability Indicating High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Alogliptin Benzoate as Bulk Drug and in Tablet Dosage Form

K R Patil, T A Deshmukh, V R Patil

Alogliptin Benzoate is a novel hypoglycemic drug that belongs to dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor class which stimulates glucose dependent insulin release. The Present work describes development and validation of a new simple, accurate, precise and stability indicaing HPTLC method for the determination of alogliptin benzoate in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using Chloroform: Methanol 3:7 v/v as mobile phase and UV detection at 275 nm. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The drug was subjected to stress condition of acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, photolysis, thermal degradation. Results found to be linear in concentration range of 500-2500 ng/band. The developed method can be used for the quantification of bulk drug as well as tablet dosage form

AlogliptinHPTLCDegradation Studiestablet dosage form
301,284 views
90,348 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.028

Contributors:

 K R Patil
,
 T A Deshmukh
,
 V R Patil
Research PaperID: AJPTR93029

Development and Validation of Rilpivirine in Pharmaceutical Formulation by RP-HPLC

B M S Kumar, B. Rajkamal, B. Chandramowli

In the present study a simple isocratic reverse phase HPLC method was developed for the estimation of rilpivirine in pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was carried out using a column of Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18, 250x4.6mmi.d with 5micron particle size. The mobile phase comprises of 0.03M di potassium hydrogen orthophosphate with pH adjusted to 2.5 using dilute ortho-phosphoric acid (mobile phase solvent-A) and acetonitrile (mobile phase solvent-B) in the ratio of 15: 85 (v/v).The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the effluents were monitored at 284 nm. The retention time was 7.19 min. The detector response was linear in the concentration range of 100-300µg/ml. The respective linear regression equation being Y= 28817.742X-14741.2. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for rilpivirine were found to be 0.05µg/ml and 0.15 µg/ml respectively. The assay was found to be 99.85%.The method was validated by determining its accuracy, precision and system suitability. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of rilpivirine in its pharmaceutical dosage form.

RilpivirineAnti HIV agentRP-HPLCsystem suitabilitylinearityrecovery studies
301,578 views
90,484 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.029

Contributors:

 B M S Kumar
,
 B. Rajkamal
,
 B. Chandramowli
Research PaperID: AJPTR93030

Prostheticaly Driven Implant Placement -A Case Report

Ajitha Suresh Kumar, Sanjna Nayar

Technology has been used to change the world and to alter the manner of our existence. At present, the technological possibilities that lie ahead are also quite mind bending. The lines between "artificial" and "natural" are blurring by the day, with each new technical advancement and scientific discovery. Thus, in our field of dentistry the latest advancement is a boon to our patients. This is a case report on implant placement using 3D printed completely limiting tooth supported surgical guide with a flapless and immediate loading protocol. Dental implant has been established as one of the most predictable and conservative approaches for the rehabilitation of missing teeth. With the evolution of newer material and advancement in digital technology, especially in computed tomography, implant planning software and guided implant surgery, the outcome and success in implant dentistry have become more predictable. Computer aided design (CAD) technique is being integrated into treatment planning, and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) is becoming more popular for rehabilitation procedures. This case report illustrates the diagnosis, planning and application of 3D guided technology in dental implant surgery. This article also emphasises the importance of proper planning in prosthetically driven implant placement.

Guided SurgeryFlapless SurgeryLoading ProtocolProsthetically Driven Implants.
301,256 views
90,406 downloads
DOI:
10.46624/ajptr.2019.v9.i3.030

Contributors:

 Ajitha Suresh Kumar
,
 Sanjna Nayar

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