T.S. Nagaraja

For the past few decades, there has been a considerable research interest in the area of drug delivery using particulate delivery systems as carriers for small and large molecules. Particulate systems like nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules.  Nanoparticles promise to revolutionize medicine and increasingly used in drug delivery. The purpose of this review is to explore the design, development of nanotechnology, different method of preparation and application. By making the drug into nanoparticles by using different method of preparation, which may alleviate the manifestations of disease with minimal dose and less toxicity. These drug delivery systems can be potentially translated into targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications designed to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects.         

  The goal of present investigation highlights the formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patches of Tramadol hydrochloride. The mucoadhesive buccal patches of Tramadol hydrochloride were prepared by solvent casting technique using various concentrations of Chitosan polymer. The formulated patches were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters like thickness, weight variation, surface pH, content uniformity, folding endurance swelling percentage studies and in vitro residence time. In vitro release studies were performed with pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution. Good results were obtained both in physicochemical and in vitro studies. The films were exhibited controlled release more than six hours. The in-vitro release datas were fit to different equation and kinetic models to explain release profiles. The best mucoadhesive performance and matrix controlled release was exhibited by the formulation R6. The formulation was found be right and suitable candidate for the formulation of Tramadol HCL mucoadhesive buccal patches for therapeutic use. Key words: Tramadol HCL, Chitosan, Mucoadhesive buccal patches, PVP K-30.