Sezan Alphonse

In Africa in general and Benin in particular the population is increasingly confronted with several pathologies such as hypertension. Even though modern medicine is well developed, this population uses traditional medicine because of its low purchasing power. But the lack of mastery of the dosage and its underlying effects remain archaic parameters and deserves special attention from the scientific world from which we have chosen to reflect on Tridax procumbens in order to come up with scientific arguments favorable to the promotion of the «Plant species. The present work was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of hydroethanolic extracts on the plasma and urinary concentrations of potassium, sodium and chloride ions in Wistar rats. After the preparation of the extracts and their gavage, the extraction yield was evaluated, the level of the K +, Na +, and Cl- ions was assayed in three batches of three male Wistar rats. Lots 2 and 3 respectively received doses of 300 mg / kg and 500 mg / kg of single-dose PC in one day, respectively. Control batch 1 received distilled water in place of the extracts. At the same time, they were placed in cages with urine sampling, for the measurement of diuresis. The extraction yield by the hydroethanolic solvent was 16.75%. Extracts at a dose of 300 mg / kg of PC induced hyperkalaemia, with no effect on serum sodium and chloraemia within two hours of administration of the extracts. The diuresis is so insignificant that we can understand that hyperkalaemia, induced bradycardia arising from hyperpolarization of the cells of the pace maker. Its hypotensive property is therefore confirmed.

The present work carried out in the laboratory of Biomembranes and Cell Signaling of the University of Abomey-Calavi in Benin aims to conduct a toxicological study on the ethyl extract of the leaves of Annona muricata, with a view to verifying the toxic effects in general, and in particular on the functioning of the kidneys and the liver in the wistar rat. In the present study, the extraction yield of this plant by ethanol was 9.6 ± 1.89. Then, on the one hand, the acute and subacute toxicities were induced in the rats of the experiment by gavage to our extracts at an interval of 48 hours for 10 days. These rats were distributed in 05 batches. Each batch receiving or not receiving a different dose of the Annona muricata extract. On the other hand, the toxic activity on the liver and kidneys was evaluated by daily gavage of 14 rats of 3 rats each using the Annona muricata ethyl extract at different doses (0.50 100 and 200 mg / kg).  Measurement of biochemical parameters (Urea, Creatinine, ASAT, and ALAT), weight-loss records, carried out during the first experiment showed that there was no significant increase urea, creatinine, and a significant decrease in ALT levels. On the other hand, a significant increase was observed in the ASAT. Following the death of the rat of lot 5 receiving 5000mg / kg, the LD50 was determined (LD 50 = 3750 mg / kg). This LD50 indicates that Annona muricata extract is weakly toxic. Sub-chronic administration of the extract confirmed that ASAT was progressively increasing in rats. The decrease in body mass was a good indicator of toxicity. In the second experiment, the measurement of biochemical parameters (Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid, ASAT, ALAT) revealed an increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine and decreased concentration of uric acid at doses of extracts greater than or equal to 100 mg / kg PC. These results may suggest renal damage that has not been confirmed by the histological study of the organs taken (Liver and kidneys) from experimental rats. However, this study showed an early onset of hepatic involvement at the dose of 100mg / kg, which increased at a dose of 200mg / kg.

The present work aims to study the effect of ethyl extract stem bark of Khayasenegalensis on the lipid profile of rat hepatocytes. For this, a sub-chronic gavage was performed on batches of 8 Wistar rats received 3 respectively, by oral administration of the extract at doses 2.5 mg / kg; 5mg / Kg; 10mg / Kg; 25mg / Kg; 50mg / Kg; 100mg / kg and 200mg / kg body weight for 14 days (control group received instead of the extract of Khayasenegalensis of distilled water) and isolation of hepatocytes was made after killing rats. Then, all the lipids (phospholipids and neutral) were extracted and separated by thin layer chromatography on two different plates. TLC of lipids (phospholipids and neutral) revealed an appearance of membrane lipids in the dose of 5 mg / kg; 10mg / Kg; 25mg / Kg; 50mg / Kg; 100mg / kg and 200mg / kg compared to control, while in the dose of 2.5 mg / kg there was no significant change compared to the control. The appearance of neutral lipids is only degradation of the phospholipids and the phospholipids provides that Khayasenegalensis lysed membrane of hepatocytes, which leads to the dispersion of the phospholipids. So it was only after dispersion, these lipids have started to deteriorate in neutral lipids. Where the administration of ethyl extract of trunk bark khayasenegalensis high dose may cause necrosis of liver cells, thus at high doses is toxic Khayasenegalensis. And the most efficient to mitigate the risk of toxicity are those doses less than or equal to 2.5 mg / Kg.