Sandhya S

Historically, developments in transdermal drug delivery have been incremental, focusing on overcoming problems associated with the barrier properties of the skin, reducing skin irritation rates and improving the aesthetics associated with passive patch systems. Transdermally delivery of drugs avoid first pass metabolism, decrease dose to be administered, reduces side effects, eliminate gastrointestinal side effects. Drug with short half life and narrow therapeutic index can be safely administered since better control of release is possible. Transdermal drug delivery-the delivery of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation is distinct from topical drug penetration, which targets local areas11.Transdermal drug delivery takes advantage of the relative accessibility of skin2.“TRANSDERMAL”route is most promising and has received a lot of attention because the skin has minimal proteolytic enzyme activity7. Route for systemic drug administration has become very attractive since the introduction of transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) in the form of patches10 .The present invention relates to transdermal administration of tolterodine, for achieving more constant serum concentrations during a dosage interval; minimize side effects in comparison to immediate release tablets, while clinical efficacy is maintained.

Anti-fungal agents like flucanazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole etc. are used to treat various superficial and systemic fungal infections. Oral and parenteral administration of the antifungal drugs are associated with various side effects including headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, gastric ulceration and bleeding. Hepatic and renal toxicity was also observed in patients on high and prolonged use of drugs. Film forming hydrogels are the dosage form for the topical delivery of drugs and it can bypass the side effects related to the conventional dosage forms and can provide effective topical release of the drugs. These film forming gels are novel approach for providing sustained release with increased residence time, therapeutic effect and patient comfort.