S. R. Vispute

Relatively, a large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus. Up to last decade, an insulin injection by subcutaneous route was mainly used. Due to the inconvenience of insulin injections, various approaches have been attempted to formulate insulin for administration by non-injectable routes. Currently different approaches to deliver insulin including Pens, Jet Injectors, Pumps and Patches have been used. In addition to advances, research in Islet cell transplant, Nano pump, Gene therapy, Artificial pancreas sensor therapy and Boronate glucose responsive system may take the threshold of developing a practical application in future.