Pooja Sharma

This research is prepared is on “To Study the doctor’s perception while prescribing the antibiotic – cefixime in Mumbai, thane. This research paper has been presented based on my observation and experience gathered from field survey in macron lab. An organization has many divisions and departments but focus is given more on the level of brand strategy of the marketing department specially in the pharmaceutical industries due to the high competition. this survey evaluates knowledge, attitudes and perception of doctor about prescribing the antibiotic - cefixime. This study also helped to learn about Several factors influenced prescribing, including patients' expectations, severity and duration of infections. The result of the research is described in details in this report. After knowing the perception and brand image of the antibiotic cefixime a lot of finding came up. The research also consists of recommendations and conclusion according to my point of view which would improve the prescription of doctors towards the antibiotic (gramocef-o) which is manufactured by macron labs.

The objective of this study was to assess the drug utilization pattern and cost analysis among the inpatients of medical intensive care unit (ICU) of NIMS hospital, Jaipur. After taking Ethics permission , records of 356 patients admitted in the medical ICU of a NIMS hospital were noted. Demographic profile, commonly prescribed drugs as per Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) and WHO core indicators were assessed from the records. Out of 356 inpatients, 224(62.9% ) were males . Most of the patients were in the age group of 61-70 for males 51-60 for females. Most commonly prescribed drugs were antibiotics followed by i.v. fluids. The average number of drugs per prescription was 11.99. Out of 4271 drugs prescribed, 1152(26.97%) were prescribed by generic names. Drugs on WHO EML were only 41% while that of NLEM 2011 were 68% . Drugs used as fixed dose combination were 19.26%. Average cost per prescription was INR 1975. Median length of stay was 6 days. Inspite of the fact that respiratory complications are one of the leading cause of death in critically ill patients and rational drug use plays a pivotal role in reverting the condition , there is a lack of pioneer drug utilization studies in this field. This study gives a message to adopt a cost effective and rational use of drug.

Hepatic targeting of Concanavalin A appended myristoyl chitosan nanoparticles containing Epirubicin. Myristoyl chitosan was synthesised by reacting native chitosan with myristoyl chloride and  degree of acylation was determined by Ninhydrin assay. Nanoparticles of chitosan and myristoyl chitosan were prepared by ionic gelation and the method was optimised for processing parameters based on particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE). The nanoparticles of chitosan and myristoyl chitosan were conjugated with concanavalin A by incubation and the conjugation was confirmed by zeta potential measurement. The surface morphology of the optimized formulation was checked with the help of SEM and was further studied for organ distribution studies in Wistar rat model. Myristoyl chitosan synthesised was confirmed by FT-IR studies. Degree of acylation was found out to be 42.2 ± 2.7%. The optimized Con A conjugated nanoparticles prepared by chitosan (Ch17) and myristoyl chitosan (MCh17) was found to be spherical in shape with particle size 244.4nm and 275.8nm, zeta potential of 0.307mV and 0.133mV, entrapment efficiency 45.01±1.32% and 40.10±1.23% respectively. In vitro drug release (PBS 7.4) from Ch17 was 93.02±1.66% and followed Higuchi model, while release from MCh17 was 68.53±2.27% and followed Peppas model. Both the formulation were stable for 1 month at the temperature of 2-8oC. In vivo liver uptake of MCh17 nanoparticles was 93.6±10.11% while it was  87.0±7.55% with Ch17. Epirubicin loaded MCH17 nanoparticle showed high uptake by liver with concomitant reduction in blood level of Epirubicin in comparison to  Ch17 nanoparticles.

It’s well established that oxygen is essential for survival and energy generation in all-living organisms and ~5% of its inhaled part is converted into free radicals (either ROS or RNS) as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Free radicals are also generated on exposure to sun light, X-rays, O3, tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust, environmental pollutants, and several other physiological processes. These reactive species damage NAs, proteins, lipids, carbohydrate. that consequently affects the immune functions causing degenerative ailments. The initiation steps of oxygen induced oxidation require removal of H-atom which gets accelerated by the presence of certain metals such as Fe and Cu leading to formation of singlet oxygen. In a normal cell there is an appropriate balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidants. Increase in level of pro-oxidant as compared in antioxidant creates oxidative stress. Epidemiological studies provide convincing evidence that a diet rich in antioxidants is associated with a lower incidence of degenerative diseases. Fruits, vegetables and beverages( fruit juices, black-lemon-T, coffee, cocoa, beer & wine) are the potent sources of dietary polyphenols. People relying upon consuming traditional diets rich in soy and tea rarely bear breast, uterus and prostate cancer. Recent advances in biochemistry and molecular biology techniques providing tools for studying the antioxidant enzymes and for elucidating the mechanisms of the actions of antioxidants has been delineated in this manuscript. Keywords: Aloe Vera, Anti-oxidants, Curry plant, Phytochemicals, Cancerous maladies: Beer, Ginger, Pepper, Coconut, Tea, Tomato