Padmalatha. K

Nanotechnology has emerged fields of biomedical research in the last few decades the presents context is an attempt to present the brief information about nanobiotechnological applications. Aquasomes are one of the most recently developed delivery system for bioactive molecules like peptide, protein, hormones, antigens and genes to specific sites. Aquasomes are spherical in shape with 60–300 nm particles size. Aquasomes are nanoparticulate carrier system but instead of being simple nanoparticles these are three layered self assembled structures, comprised of a solid core coated with oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed with or without modification. These structures are self assembled by non covalent and ionic bonds. The solid core provides the structural stability, while the carbohydrate coating protects against dehydration and stabilizes the biochemically active molecules. This article reviews the principles of self assembly, strategies used in chemical synthesis, methods of preparation, characterization and application of Aquasomes. Keywords: Aquasomes, Nanoparticulate Carrier System, Oligomers and Self assembly  

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the commonest cause of dementia. The currently available therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease only act to lower its symptoms. Therefore, the nanotechnology is advancing molecular detection, drug discovery, delivery and monitoring for a number of ever challenging human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, we present the role of nanotechnology in the development and improvement of techniques for early diagnosis and effective treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The nano diagnostic methods reported and compared in this paper include both of in vitro and in vivo approaches. The nano treatment methods for AD are numerous. They are categorized in this report under neuroprotective methods and nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. Considering that the AD is a multi-factorial disease with several pathogenetic mechanisms and pathways, a multifunctional nanotechnology approach will be needed to target its main molecular culprits.