N Jyothi

Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-Glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl D-Glucosamine (acetylated unit). It is made by treating shrimp and other crustacean shells with the alkali, sodium hydroxide. Chitosan has some therapeutic activities like lowering cholesterol, antiulcer, and wound healing and antimicrobial activity. Recently electrospinnanofibers based on chitosan have been widely researched. Chitosan have many physicochemical properties like colorless, white hard, inelastic, nitrogenous polysaccharide. It chelate with many transitional metal ion .The degree of substitution of hydroxyl and amino group also influence the mechanical and biological properties of chitosan samples. In recent year a lots of biological, medical and commercial applicability are being used. The amino group in chitosan has a pKavalue of ~6.5, leads to a protonation in acidic to neutral solution with a charge density dependent on pH. This makes chitosan water-soluble. Though the drug delivery by chitosan is not approved by FDA, purified form are available for biomedical application. This review gives clear information about introduction properties processing and applications of chitosan.

Surrogacy is an arrangement in which a woman carries a pregnancy and gives birth to a baby for another woman. Surrogate motherhood is one of many currently available forms of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) that have developed in response to the increasing number of individuals/couples who find themselves unable to conceive a child on their own. The main aim of this study is to give an overview of legal aspect of surrogate mother. Surrogacy is gaining popularity as this may be the only method for a couple to have their own child and also because adoption process may be long. India is leading in this business because of the easy availability of surrogates at comparatively less cost. Many agencies have come forward with the intention of outsourcing pregnancy to foreign countries. In India this process had been regulated by the law from 2002. Though the regulation have been initiated, they are not so stringent when compare to other countries hence many foreigners are coming to India for surrogate mother. It may be concluded that Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Bill 2010 has provided for single parenthood by allowing “unmarried couples” and “single persons” from India and abroad to have children using ART procedure and surrogate mothers in India.