Meenu Singh

Bioavailability may be considered as one aspect of drug product quality that links the in-vivo performance of the drug product used in clinical trials with studies demonstrating evidence of safety and efficacy. In the present study, the bioavailability was performed for the qualitative evaluation of the L-lysine produced by modified Corynebacterium glutamicum. Thirty 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 45-55 g were used. The animals were divided into three groups. The first group was kept on a protein free basal diet which was supplemented with the biotechnologically modified L-lysine from Corynebacterium glutamicum. The second group comprised of animals which were fed the same basal diet but supplemented with a marketed preparation of L-lysine. The third group was kept on a regular protein diet which served as a control. The animals were fed ad libitum for 13 days, during which weight gain and food consumption were recorded and food conversion efficiency (FCE; weight gained/weight food eaten) was calculated. Ratios of means were calculated using the (least-square means)LSM for untransformed and ln-transformed FCE. The bioavailability was estimated by measuring the pharmacological activity (weight gained) and compared with that of the marketed preparations of L-lysine under similar conditions. For the study reference and test samples,-s the 95% confidence interval fell within the range of 97.72 and 103.61, which was the indication of bio similarity for biological activity of both the samples.

Kleptomania is the inability to refrain from the urge to steal items and is done for reasons other than personal financial gain. It is a type of impulsive control disorder. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are common psychiatric conditions in which affected individuals typically report significant impairment in social and occupational functioning, and may incur legal and financial difficulties as well. Kleptomania is characterized by repetitive uncontrollable theft of items that are of little use to the afflicted person. It is commonly associated with other anxiety and eating disorders, alcohol abuse, substance abuse and various mood disorders. Amygdala and nucleus accumbens are the major structures of brain involved in kleptomania. Serotonin and dopamine neuro transmitters and opioids are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of kleptomania. Decreased serotonin and increased dopamine levels can lead to kleptomania. It can be effectively treated with behavioral or psychotherapy and pharmacological therapies. Selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic anti depressants (TCAs) and opioid antagonists are commonly used to treat kleptomania. Behavioral therapy involves Psychotherapy, Covert sensitization, aversion therapy, coping and support, self education, treatment of other mood disorders. This review summarizes the current information, associated disorders, and underlying pathophysiology regarding kleptomania, its treatment and prevention.

To study the hepatoprotective effect of chloroform extract of Alpinia officinarum at 200 and 400 mg/kg against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. 24 male wistar rats were divided in to four groups. The normal control group, model control group and extract treated group (at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg) were orally fed with 1% DMSO, 1% sodium CMC in saline as vehicle for 21 days followed by ischemia/reperfusion on twenty second day. Blood and liver samples were obtained from all the animals on 22nd day for biochemical analysis of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH and histopathological studies were also performed. The results showed that the ischemia/reperfusion injury causes significant (p