Arti Thakkar

Solubility is the phenomenon of dissolution of solid in liquid phase to give a homogenous system. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Poorly water soluble drugs often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities. Any drug to be absorbed must be present in the form of an aqueous solution at the site of absorption. The ability to increase aqueous solubility can thus be a valuable aid to increasing efficiency and/or reducing side effects for certain drugs. This is true for parenterally, topically and orally administered solutions. The solubility of drugs is defined according to (bio-pharmaceutical classification system) BCS classification system which divides drugs to different class according to its solubility. Solid dispersion is defined as dispersion of one or more active ingredients in an inert carrier or matrix known as solid dispersion. Solid dispersion reduces the particle size and changes the micro environment of the drug particle, increases the rate of dissolution and absorption and thus changes the biopharmaceutical properties of poorly water soluble drugs. The solid dispersion method, by which a drug is dispersed in a carrier to make it amorphous, is one of the pharmaceutical approaches most commonly employed to enhance bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Various pharmaceutical approaches for the preparation of SDs, including co-precipitation, lyophilization, spray drying, solvent evaporation, fusion and powder mixing methods, have been reported. It’s a new and efficient technique to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs.

Packaging is designed to contain a product so that it is unable to interact with the environment. After containment protection is most important function of packaging. The product must be protected against the physical damage, loss of content or ingredients and intrusion of unwanted component of the environment such as water vapour, oxygen, dirt and light. An important role of pharmaceutical packaging is to transform the formulation into an attractive and marketable product. Pharmaceutical companies increasingly are working to improve productivity and reduce costs in their manufacturing and packaging operations. Expanding markets and innovative marketing strategies have led to an increased demand in packaging products. So many issues regarding the pharmaceutical product like stability, sell, patient compliance etc are related with the packaging and in regard to this; present review is done on the various advancements in the packaging techniques and selection of packaging material.