Aishwarya Kumar Apte

The oral route of drug delivery is most preferred route of drug delivery due to its various advantages like patient compliance, ease of administration. But it has some drawbacks like non site specificity. To overcome this drawback gastroretentive drug delivery system is used. To understand various physiological difficulties to achieve gastric retention, we have summarized important factors controlling gastric retention. This review also includes different approaches for Gastroretentive drug delivery system i.e. floating drug dosage systems, swelling or expanding systems, high density system, mucoadhesive systems, Magnetic systems, raft forming system, evaluation tests, advantages, disadvantages, future prospects, different marketed preparations.

Pharmacovigilance is defined as the pharmacological science that is relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, prevention of adverse effects, particularly the long term &short term adverse effects of medicines. The Pharmacovigilance is the important and integral part of clinical research. This article describes and discusses the aims, objectives, role, need for the Pharmacovigilance, different Pharmacovigilance programme, various Pharmacovigilance methods, Pharmacovigilance reporting and functioning.

The drug delivery through the skin to achieve a systemic as well as local effect of a drug is known as Transdermal drug delivery system. Its main advantage includes controlled drug release with minimum side effects, improved bioavailability and many more. The human skin is readily accessible surface for drug delivery. For penetration of drug through the skin the stratum corneum is the main barrier. So to avoid the stratum corneum and to increase the flux through the skin membrane different techniques of penetration enhancement are used.  This review mainly represents different factors affecting Transdermal bioavailability, technologies for developing Transdermal drug delivery system, different evaluation tests for Transdermal patches, different methods of preparation of TDDS, recent techniques for enhancing Transdermal drug delivery system.